Question

With reference to chemical tankers:

(a) Sketch a suitable cargo pumping and stripping system, labelling the component parts and indicating the direction of fluid flow. (10)

(b) State the requirements of the regulations evolved to reduce pollution of the sea by chemical tanker cargoes. (6)

Answer 1

(b) Regulations to Reduce Chemical Pollution

The primary regulations for minimizing pollution from chemical cargoes are outlined in SOLAS Chapter VII, Part-B. These regulations refer to specific codes that govern the construction and equipment of chemical tankers.

IBC Code: For tankers built on or after July 1, 1986, they must comply with the International Code for the Construction and Equipment of Ships Carrying Dangerous Chemicals in Bulk (IBC Code).
BCH Code: Tankers built before July 1, 1986, must adhere to the Code for the Construction and Equipment of Ships Carrying Dangerous Chemicals in Bulk (BCH Code).

These codes establish standards for the safe carriage of chemical cargoes and play a significant role in preventing pollution.

Discharge Criteria and Tank Residue Limits

The regulations also specify the maximum permissible tank residues and the criteria for discharging these residues into the sea.

Date of Construction	Category X Residue Limit (litres)
Before July 1, 1986	300
July 1, 1986, to January 1, 2007	100
After January 1, 2007	75

Discharge Criteria:

To discharge tank residues at sea, a vessel must meet the following conditions:

The ship must be en route.
The discharge must be below the waterline.
The ship must be at least 12 nautical miles from the nearest land and in water with a minimum depth of 25 meters.
No discharge is permitted in the Antarctic Area.

✓ Verified Model Answer (Text Solution)

(b) Regulations to Reduce Chemical Pollution

Discharge Criteria and Tank Residue Limits