In the constant-pressure turbocharging system, each cylinder's exhaust gases are directed to a common exhaust gas manifold. From the manifold, the exhaust gases are channeled to a single entry point leading to the turbine. This system usually employs one turbocharger, but for engines with a higher number of cylinders, multiple turbochargers may be used. The heat energy of the exhaust gases is utilized to drive the turbine.

Advantages:

• The system efficiently harnesses exhaust gas energy to drive the turbine, resulting in better efficiency.
• The constant pressure system provides a continuous flow of exhaust gases to the turbine, ensuring good performance at high engine loads.
• Since the exhaust gas flow is steady, the turbine operates efficiently and smoothly, reducing vibration and engine stress.
• Improved turbine efficiency leads to reduced fuel consumption, making the engine more fuel-efficient.

Disadvantages:

• The constant pressure system may not perform optimally at part loads, leading to lower efficiency during such operating conditions.
• This system might have reduced sensitivity to sudden changes in engine load or speed.
• At low engine loads, an auxiliary blower might be necessary to ensure an adequate air supply for proper combustion.

In the pulse turbocharging system, exhaust pipes from the cylinders are grouped and connected to the turbine. The grouping is arranged based on the exhaust valve timing to prevent exhaust gases from one cylinder from interfering with others. The system utilizes the kinetic energy of the exhaust gases during the blowdown phase to drive the turbine.

Advantages:

• The pulse system exhibits high responsiveness to changes in engine load or speed, providing a rapid boost when needed.
• The system enables quick acceleration of the turbocharger, leading to improved engine response.
• Performs well at low engine loads, ensuring efficient operation even during light-duty conditions.
• Enhance better scavenging, leading to improved cylinder filling and combustion efficiency.
• During low engine loads, the pulse turbocharging system may not require an auxiliary blower for adequate air supply.

Disadvantages:

• The pulse system might exhibit reduced turbine efficiency at high engine ratings or loads.
• The turbine operation might be less smooth and efficient compared to other turbocharging systems.
• Require complex exhaust piping arrangements to ensure proper grouping of exhaust gases from cylinders.

• For constant-pressure turbochargers, lock the blower side shutter as the exhaust gas pressure does not directly affect the turbine.
• For axial-flow turbochargers, lock both blower and turbine sides for effective isolation.
• Install a bypass pipe, specially designed by the manufacturer, to divert exhaust gases away from the damaged turbocharger.
• Ensure air circulation through the turbine to prevent overheating of the impeller:
  • If the auxiliary blower draws air through the turbocharger, this is automatically achieved.
  • If not, drill a hole of the recommended diameter in the blanking plates at the air outlet to allow airflow.
• Stop cooling water only in cases of severe leaks from the exhaust side that pose a risk to engine operation.
• Drain the bearing lubrication chambers to prevent further damage or contamination.
• Follow the manufacturer's guidelines to operate the engine at reduced load and speed to avoid overstraining the system without turbocharging support.

• Engine to be run on reduced load only.
• Close monitoring of exhaust gas temperature.
• Advise bridge to avoid frequent speed changes.
• Run auxiliary blowers.
• Keep an eye on exhaust smoke.
• Monitor cylinder pressure.
• Proper watchkeeping & monitoring of all parameters.