is an alternator that is directly coupled (without any intermediate gearing mechanisms like belts or chains) to its driving source, such as a diesel engine. This integration allows the alternator to be mounted directly on the extension shaft of the engine. Such alternators are typically used in portable engine-driven applications and are generally small in size, with power ratings ranging from 1 to 1.75 kW. These systems are often air-cooled and compact, making them suitable for mobile and low-power setups.

(ii) In a direct-connected alternator, the stator (or armature winding) may be either single-phase or three-phase with distributed winding. The rotor (field winding) is typically a silent pole design, often using permanent magnets for field excitation.

The arrangement ensures stable performance with:

• Voltage variations within ±5% from no-load to full-load conditions.
• Frequency variation limited to ±1% of its rated value.