Erosion:

• Cavitation causes the formation and collapse of vapor bubbles on the propeller blade surface.
• The collapse of these bubbles produces high-pressure shockwaves and microjets that erode the blade material, leading to surface pitting and progressive damage.

Vibration:

• Uneven cavitation across the blades leads to imbalanced forces, causing vibrations in the propeller and the ship.
• These vibrations can reduce the comfort of passengers and crew and stress the ship's structural components.

Noise:

• The collapse of vapor bubbles generates loud noise, which can interfere with onboard communication and underwater sonar systems.
• This noise is a significant concern for naval vessels and marine life.

Reduced Performance:

• Cavitation reduces the efficiency of the propeller by causing loss of thrust and torque.
• The presence of cavitation decreases the propeller’s ability to convert rotational energy into forward motion, lowering the ship's speed and increasing fuel consumption.