The internal structure of the ship is protected from the corrosive and damaging effects of the chemicals by the following means:

• Coating: the internal surfaces of the cargo tanks (tank plating, bulkheads, frames, stiffeners and piping) are coated with a suitable protective coating, such as epoxy, zinc silicate or other chemical-resistant paint, selected to be compatible with the cargoes to be carried. The coating is applied to a specified film thickness and is inspected and maintained.
• Corrosion-resistant material: the tank structure may be made of, or lined with, corrosion-resistant material such as stainless steel, or fitted with a corrosion-resistant lining.
• Cathodic protection: sacrificial anodes or impressed current systems may be fitted to protect the steel from corrosion.
• Inerting and drying: the tanks are kept inerted (with inert gas) and dry to prevent corrosion and to avoid reactions between the cargo and moisture or oxygen.
• Compatibility: only compatible cargoes are carried in a tank, and the tank is thoroughly cleaned, gas-freed and dried between different cargoes to prevent chemical attack and reactions.
• Temperature control: cargoes that are corrosive at high temperature are carried with temperature control to limit the rate of corrosion.
• Venting and vapour control: proper venting prevents the build-up of corrosive vapours.
• The IBC Code (International Code for the Construction and Equipment of Ships Carrying Dangerous Chemicals in Bulk) specifies the materials, coatings and construction requirements for the tanks based on the properties of the cargo.

• Wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE): chemical-resistant gloves, boots, goggles or face shield, and chemical-resistant protective clothing (coveralls, apron) appropriate to the cargo.
• Use respiratory protection: self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) or suitable respirators when there is a risk of toxic or corrosive vapours, and when entering tanks or enclosed spaces.
• Follow the entry procedures for enclosed spaces: gas testing, ventilation, use of the entry permit system, and having a standby person at the entrance.
• Avoid skin and eye contact with the cargo; wash immediately if contact occurs, using the emergency shower and eyewash.
• Do not eat, drink or smoke in the cargo handling areas.
• Follow the cargo handling procedures and the ship's safety management system (SMS).
• Be aware of the cargo's properties from the Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) and the cargo information provided.
• Use proper tools and avoid sparks; follow the hot work permit system.
• Report any leaks, spills or unusual conditions immediately.
• Ensure adequate ventilation of the cargo spaces and accommodation.
• Follow the emergency procedures and know the location of safety equipment, emergency escape routes and the emergency plan for the specific cargo.