Question

With regard to Ballast Water Management Convention explain following

(a) Ballast water exchange standard (4)

(b) Ballast water Performance standard (4)

(c) Treatment methods for ballast water (4)

(d) Approval methods for treatment system using active and non-active substances (4)

(e) What are the marine pollution problems related to port development such as ballast water, dredging and spills (4)

Answer 1

With regard to the Ballast Water Management Convention, explain:

Part (a)

Ballast water exchange standard.

Part (b)

Ballast water performance standard.

Part (c)

Treatment methods for ballast water.

Part (d)

Approval methods for treatment systems using active and non-active substances.

Part (e)

Marine pollution problems related to port development such as ballast water, dredging and spills from ships.

(Refer to the detailed answers for 69ec4c177ace7d7be1426c40 and 69824870f52bf4a49020f423.)

Part (a)

D-1 Ballast Water Exchange Standard: exchange with a volumetric efficiency of at least 95% (or pumping 3 tank volumes flow-through), done in open sea (>200 nm from land, depth >200 m as far as practicable), replacing coastal water with open-ocean water.

Part (b)

D-2 Performance Standard: the discharged ballast water must contain fewer than 10 viable organisms >=50 micrometres per m3, fewer than 10 viable organisms per ml of 10-50 micrometres, and indicator microbes below the limits (V. cholerae <1 cfu/100ml, E. coli <250 cfu/100ml, enterococci <100 cfu/100ml), achieved by an approved treatment system.

Part (c)

Treatment methods: filtration (physical removal), UV irradiation, electro-chlorination/chemical disinfection (oxidising biocides), ozonation, and combinations (filtration + UV or filtration + electro-chlorination); the system must be type-approved and effective across the ship's conditions.