(a) Explain 'shortcycling' in the context of refrigeration and air conditioning systems onboard ship. State its causes and how it can be avoided. (5)

(b) State the symptoms of 'overcharging and undercharging' in refrigeration system; what are its effects and state remedial measures. (6)

(c) What are the visible indicators of oil in a refrigeration system. What would be its effects ? State remedial measures. (5)