Marine Engineering Knowledge (General)

In a marine boiler water level control system, Proportional plus Integral (P+I) control is widely used instead of simple Proportional (P) control. What is the primary operational reason for adding the Integral action? (16)

(a) To eliminate steady-state offset caused by changes in steam demand.

(b) To instantly increase the response speed to sudden load changes.

(c) To decrease the maximum overshoot of the water level.

(d) To prevent the control valve from experiencing mechanical wear.

Briefly justify your answer.

(a) Sketch a line diagram showing a typical ‘Inert Gas System’ used for inerting the cargo tanks of oil tankers, labeling the component parts. (6)

(b) Describe the system. (8)

(c) State what oxygen content you would expect in the flue gases if good combustion is achieved. (2)

Which of the materials listed is used as the dynamic seal material on mechanical seals installed on most centrifugal pumps used in water service? (16)

(a) Copper.

(b) Copper and carbon.

(c) Carbon.

(d) Bronze.

Briefly justify your answer.

With reference to a typical shipboard refrigeration system:

(a) Sketch the arrangement which controls superheat temperature of refrigerant gas leaving the evaporator; (8)

(b) Describe the operation of the arrangement sketched in (a) assuming one of the HFC refrigerant is the working medium; (4)

(c) Explain the purpose of the equalizing connection. (4)

With regard to keeping the gas side of boilers in good condition discuss EACH of the following:

(a) The mechanism of combustion, stating the factors which are important to good combustion; (6)

(b) Oil fuel treatments; (5)

(c) Soot removal equipment. (5)

Explain why regular testing of water in auxiliary boilers is desirable. For each test normally carried out, state: (8)

(a) Reasons for making the test

(b) Acceptable values for any particular type of auxiliary boiler (4)

(c) Action required when measured values differ appreciably from desired values (4)

With reference to electric arc welding:

(a) Draw a labeled sectional sketch of a satisfactory butt weld. (6)

(b) Briefly define the following defects that may occur and how they may have been (6)

(i) Under cut

(ii) Splatter

(iii) Inclusion

(iv) Blow hole

(v) Incomplete root penetration

(vi) Lack of fusion

(c) Why is alternating current generally more popular then direct current for metal arc welding? (4)

Compare the desirable qualities of the lubricating oil selected for each of the following duties and give reasons for the differing properties of the oils recommended for these three purposes:- (16)

(a) Auxiliary diesel engines;

(b) Stern tube bearings;

(c) Refrigeration compressors

Reverse osmosis is the contemporary alternative for shipboard production of drinking water.

(a) Describe using simple diagrams where necessary, the principle of :-

(i) Osmosis

(ii) Reverse osmosis (6)

(b) (i) Sketch a line diagram showing a ‘single pass system’ for producing fresh water from seawater (4)

(ii) Describe such a system. (4)

(iii) State the safety features that may be incorporated into the plant. (2)

(a) How does fouling affect the performance of a heat exchanger? (4)

(b) Describe the types of plugs used to plug the ends of a leaky heat exchanger tubes. (6)

(c) What is a differential pressure gauge? Where is it used? (6)

(a) Why are centrifugal pumps used for the sea and cooling water services with marine diesel engines? What are their drawbacks? (6)

(b) What do you understand by the term 'pump characteristics'? (6)

(c) What is net positive suction head? (4)

(a) With a sketch of the fuel line diagram explain the bunkering process and the checks to be undertaken before bunkering, during and after completion of the bunkering operation. (10)

(b) What are the safety features of the fuel line? (6)

A distinguishing feature of an eductor, when compared to other pumps, is the (16)

(a) discharge end being smaller than the suction end

(b) small size of impeller

(c) lack of moving parts

(d) ease at which the wearing rings may be changed

Briefly justify your answer.

(a) How is the tensile strength of a metal determined? What other information is obtained when a tensile test is made? (8)

(b) Name the non-destructive tests used during the manufacture and service of a diesel engine components and associated equipments. Give an example of where each test is used. (8)

Write short notes to explain the following fittings/devices used in engine room, and their applications: (4)

(a) Gate valve (4)

(b) Butterfly valve (4)

(c) Quick Closing valve (4)

(d) Valve actuators (4)

Sketch and describe how the torque is transmitted to the rudder stock in a rotary vane steering gear. (16)

With reference to the marine boiler operation, answer the following:

(a) What do you understand by 'accumulation of pressure' test? Explain. (8)

(b) Why is a Boiler water circulating pump required for ships fitted with an Exhaust gas Economiser? Explain with a line diagram. (8)

Explain any four of the following (4x4)

(a) Difference between crude oil washing and tank cleaning.

(b) Dynamic positioning system and its types

(c) Deaeration tank in the HT Jacket Cooling Water System

(d) Thermostatic expansion valve

(e) Proportional controller with examples

(a) How does heat treatment affect the properties of metals? Discuss common heat treatment processes. (6)

(b) Describe the factors that influence the corrosion of metals and methods to prevent corrosion. (6)

(c) What are the factors that affect the mechanical properties of materials, such as hardness, toughness, and ductility? (4)

Make a diagrammatic sketch of an exhaust gas boiler. Describe its construction and explain how it is maintained in an efficient condition. (16)

Explain the following briefly with reference to a domestic refrigeration system on board a ship. (16)

(a) Ingress of air into the freon system.

(b) Loss of refrigerant from a condensor.

(c) Water in the freon system.

(d) Icing of condensor external surface.

(a) Sketch a water-tight door and frame showing manner of attachment to bulkhead and the additional reinforcement carried by the bulkhead to compensate for the aperture. (8)

(b) Explain how water-tightness of the door and frame mating surface is ensured with an hydrostatic pressure tending to force the faces apart. (4)

(c) Describe the means of remote closing operation of the door and state how many closing stations there are and their position. (4)

Sketch and describe a fuel system diagram for a 2 stroke Marine diesel engine from storage / service tank to fuel injectors. Show the various components and fittings which are provided in the circuit. What is the purpose of mixing columns & autodeaerating valve? (16)

With reference to auxiliary boiler water impurity define the effects of the following salts:

(a) Calcium carbonate,

(b) Sodium chloride,

(c) Magnesium chloride,

(d) Calcium sulphate.

Explain how the quantity of each is determined and controlled. (16)

Write short notes on the following:

(a) ultrasonic testing (8)

(b) shaft earthing device (8)

(a) Define 'centrifugal pump' and where it is used on ships? Using a simple line diagram show a circuit which includes a centrifugal pump.Explain the meaning of 'suction lift'. (6)

(b) Sketch and describe the construction of a centrifuagal pump, labelling its parts. What is a 'lantern ring 'and why it is fitted? (10)

With reference to main air reservoirs:

(a) Give a line sketch of the manner in which mountings are attached to the shell. (6)

(b) Explain why regular internal inspection is advisable. (4)

(c) What inspection and maintenance will you carry out on an air reservoir? (6)

(a) Sketch a screw displacement pump and explain its operation. (10)

(b) State the factors which affect its efficiency. (6)

The by-products of oxidation, as a result of water contamination of hydraulic oil, are generally ________. (16)

(a) removed by cellulose type filters

(b) gums, varnishes, and acids

(c) always neutralized by oil additives

(d) harmless and have no effect on system components

Briefly justify your answer.

(a) Bunkering as a shipboard operation has its own significane. List out the important aspects of a bunkering operation, including the preparation and precaution to be taken to ensure a safe operation. (8)

(b) What does the Bunker specification include and how does it affect the engines adversely?

Name at least three such ingredients that you expect in a Heavy Fuel Oil bunker and the effects on the engine operation (8)

(a) What are the Safety Devices fitted to an Air Compressor? (4)

(b) What is the Purpose of the Scum Valve on a Boiler? (4)

(c) What is the Function of an Evaporator in a Refrigeration System? (4)

(d) Regarding the Emergency Bilge Injection Valve, what is its relevant size compared to the Main Sea Water Injection Valve? (4)

(a) Draw a simple line sketch of a 'shell and tube' cooler, clearly labelling its parts. (6)

(b) Describe the system. (4)

(c) Name common defects found. (3)

(d) What periodical maintenance, needs to be carried out. (3)

(a) Why engineering materials are tested prior manufacturing of their components. (6)

(b) Describe the various 'destructive' and 'non destructive' tests carried out on materials for shipboard used. Explain the purpose of each test and where same applied. (10)

A LT cooler of the centralized cooling water system on your ship is showing poor performance. What measures you would initiate to rectify the problem and improve the performance. (16)

Explain how each of the following conditions contribute to the satisfactory performance of oil centrifuges:

(a) correct bowl speed (4)

(b) cleanliness of the bowl (4)

(c) low rate of feed to bowl (4)

(d) contaminated oil allowed to stand for an appreciable time prior to centrifuging. (4)

With reference to control system, explain in brief:

(a) Two step action. (6)

(b) Proportional Control (5)

(c) Offset (5)

(a) What is a gear pump and how does it differ from other types of positive displacement pumps used onboard? (8)

(b) State FOUR advantages of using gear pumps in shipboard lube oil systems compared to centrifugal pumps. (8)

Which of the following would cause a drop in the output (production rate) of a fresh water generator?

(a) Increased jacket cooling water temperature

(b) Fouling/scaling of the heating plates

(c) Higher vacuum in the evaporator shell

(d) Increased seawater flow through the condenser

Briefly justify your answer with the operating principle of a plate type fresh water generator. (16)

Why is a speed droop governor preferred for auxiliary marine generator engines over an isochronous governor?

(a) Droop allows the engine to operate at a perfectly constant speed regardless of the load.

(b) It automatically activates the auxiliary engines during blackouts.

(c) It allows for stable load-sharing between alternators operating in parallel.

(d) Droop limits the maximum torque output of the engine.

Select the most appropriate answer and briefly explain the droop action of a governor. (16)

A main air compressor interstage air-cooler has burst. Put down a logical sequence of events that could have caused this accident. Put down your analysis, point by point and complete in technical detail. (16)

(a) Explain the function of an 'eductor' with the aid of a sketch. Where do you find an eductor system on a ship? Give two examples. (8)

(b) Explain the working principle of an eductor. What are the operational challenges that may affect the performance of the eductor? (8)

Write short notes on the following:

(a) The need to monitor temperature of fuel in service tanks. (4)

(b) The need to constantly monitor soundings of double bottom tanks. (4)

(c) The importance of keeping bilges free of oil and other residues. (4)

(d) The importance of ensuring proper ventilation of the engine room. (4)

(a) Explain why air receivers should be drained frequently and its internal surfaces to be provided with protective coatings. (6)

(b) Describe the procedure for internal inspection of air receivers and the possible defects that may be encountered. Suggest suitable repair methods for the defects. (6)

(c) Describe fault conditions associated with air receiver mountings and the remedies to rectify the same. (4)

Sketch and explain the construction of a Feed Check Valve. Why is it known as a double shut-off arrangement? (16)

(a) What is the primary function of the Inert Gas System (IGS) on a modern oil tanker? (8)

(i) To increase cargo discharge speed.

(ii) To maintain the temperature of heavy crude oil.

(iii) To prevent explosions in cargo tanks by maintaining a low oxygen environment.

(iv) To eliminate static electricity in the pump room.

Briefly justify your answer.

(b) With a line diagram, indicate the safety equipments installed within the Inert Gas System of a tanker ship and explain the function of at least two equipments. (8)

With reference to electric arc welding:

(a) Draw a labeled sectional sketch of a satisfactory butt weld. (8)

(b) Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using alternating current and direct current in this type of welding. (8)

(a) Sketch a two-ram type hydraulic steering gear with a single Electro-hydraulic pumping unit. Show, the hunting gear arrangement and indicate valve positions. (8)

(b) State the purpose of, and describe the operation of:

(i) Hydraulic shock/buffer valves. (3)

(ii) Oil replenishing tank. (2)

(iii) Hunting gear (3)

A controllable pitch propeller on a diesel driven vessel eliminates the need for

(a) Friction clutches

(b) Disconnect clutches

(c) Reversing gears

(d) Reduction gears

Justify your answer and explain the working of CPP in brief. (16)

Describe with the aid of suitable graph, the discharge characteristics of a centrifugal pump. Explain why it does not require a relief valve. (16)

With regard to a reciprocating refrigerator compressor:

(a) Sketch the mechanical shaft seal showing its component parts and how it is lubricated. (8)

(b) Describe the sealing arrangement stating the materials used for the component parts. (4)

(c) State the effect on the environment of the release of refrigerants into the atmosphere. (4)

(a) Sketch an auxiliary boiler 'blow down' valve. Explain how it differs from its shipside counterpart. (10)

(b) Describe the sequence of 'blow down' procedure. (6)

Submit a report to the Chief Engineer stating how the fresh water generator output on board your ship was increased to near optimal values. The report should specifically mention the adjustments, corrections and improvements executed. (16)

(a) Why is oil in boiler water considered dangerous? Where does it usually come from and how can it be removed? (8)

(b) Briefly describe why boiler water needs to be tested periodically and state two of the tests. (8)

Sketch and describe a contra flow type heat exchanger for the auxiliary engine applications. (16)

(a) What are the different types of coupling bolts used in practice? Name at least 3. (3)

(b) Explain with the help of sketch, as to how a 'pilgrim' hydraulic bolt is fitted and removed? (8)

(c) How are fitted bolts installed on the coupling? (5)

(a) Explain the working principle of a fuel oil purifier. (8)

(b) Explain briefly the significance of the friction clutch mechanism. (4)

(c) List the alarms and trips associated with a purifier. (4)

Which of the materials listed is used as the dynamic seal material on mechanical seals installed on most centrifugal pumps used in water service? (16)

(a) Copper.

(b) Copper and carbon.

(c) Carbon.

(d) Bronze.

Briefly justify your answer.

(a) Sketch and describe a central cooling fresh system for a motor ship. (8)

(b) State the possible causes of corrosion in the closed system described in (a). (4)

(c) Explain how protections against corrosion is provided? (4)

(a) State why the presence of oil in boiler water is considered serious. (4)

(b) Suggest likely sources of oil contamination. (4)

(c) Describe how the source is traced. (4)

(d) Describe how the whole steam plant is restored to oil free conditions. (4)

Describe the following metallurgical tests and explain why EACH is carried out:

(a) Impact test (4)

(b) Hardness test (4)

(c) Endurance test (4)

(d) Tensile test (4)

If a radial piston hydraulic pump fails to deliver rated fluid volume, the cause can be (16)

(a) contaminated fluid

(b) pitted thrust rings

(c) worn pintle bearings

(d) obstructed suctions passage

Briefly justify your answer.

Write short notes on the following:

(a) incinerators (5)

(b) air line relief valve (5)

(c) mixing column (6)

(a) Make a detailed sketch of a Direct Expansion Two Room Refrigeration system. (10)

(b) Give a full description of such a Refrigeration System, explaining the purpose of the relevant control and safety devices. (6)

(a) Using a line diagram, show the arrangement of 'emergency bilge suction' for a general cargo ship. (8)

(b) State the purpose of 'bilge injection valve' and to which pump or pumps it is connected. Give reasons. (4)

(c) State requirements with respect to the dimensions of the bilge injection valve and the main sea suction valve on the sea chest. (4)

(a) What are the advantages and disadvantages of the single-coil type and the straight-tube type of inter-cooler for air compressor? (10)

(b) Why are the tubes and coils generally made of copper? (6)

(a) With the aid of a sketch describe the working of a shell and tube type fresh water generator. (10)

(b) What are the probable causes of fluctuating and unsteady vacuum in such an evaporator and what would be the consequence of such an unsteady vacuum? (6)

(a) Make a detailed sketch of a Ships domestic refrigeration system. (8)

(b) Give a full description of such a Refrigeration System, explaining the purpose of the relevant control and safety devices. (8)

(a) In the context of auxiliary boiler, explain what do you understand by the term 'foaming'? List the measures you would consider to prevent it? Is it different from 'priming' in the auxiliary boiler context? (6)

(b) Explain any one of the following with a sketch: (6)

(i) composite boiler

(ii) exhaust gas economiser

(c) What is the significance of 'de-aeration' of the boiler water? How is it achieved and what are the effects if ignored? (4)

Write short notes to explain the following fittings/devices used in engine room, and their applications: (16)

(a) Low sea suction;

(b) Fretting corrosion

(c) Caustic embrittlement

(d) Air starting motor

(a) Sketch a four-ram steering gear arrangement capable of 100% redundancy. (8)

(b) Describe the operation of the arrangement sketched in (a). (8)

(a) Sketch a line diagram showing a typical 'Inert Gas System' used for inerting the cargo tanks of oil tankers, labelling the component parts. (8)

(b) Describe the system. (8)

(c) State what oxygen content you would expect in the flue gases if good combustion is achieved.

(a) Sketch a nozzle/flapper device used for the generation of a pneumatic signal, labelling the component parts. (10)

(b) Describe the operation of the device in (a) above. (6)

(a) With a line diagram, explain the working of the Quick Closing valve? (8)

(b) Why do you need the Quick closing valves in the fuel and lube oil lines? (3)

(c) Explain how to reset the valve after a trial. How is the periodic test carried out and what are the areas of concern that need special attention. (5)

(a) Sketch a line diagram showing a typical 'Inert Gas System' used for inerting the cargo tanks of oil tankers, labelling the component parts. (8)

(b) Describe the system. (8)

(a) With a diagram of the lubricating oil line, explain the working of an automatic backflushing filter placed on the lubricating oil line of the main engine. (10)

(b) List the main difference between such a filter and a centrifugal separator. (6)

(a) Describe TWO methods of tracing a superficial crack in a casting used as a engine component. (8)

(b) Explain how propagation of a crack in a machinery component can be arrested. (8)

(a) How is the tensile strength of a metal determined? What other information is obtained when a tensile test is made? (8)

(b) Name the non-destructive tests used during the manufacture and service of a diesel engine components and associated equipments. Give an example of where each test is used. (8)

Write short notes to explain the following fittings/devices used in engine room, and their applications:

(a) Gear pump (5)

(b) Priming pump of Emergency fire pump (5)

(c) PID controller (6)

Write short notes on the following:

(a) Need for draining F.O. Services tanks regularly. (4)

(b) Need to ensure engine control room temperature is correctly maintained. (4)

(c) Need to ensure that service air is kept dry by all means. (4)

(d) To ensure that all guard rails are in place properly secured in the engine room. (4)

With regard to the carriage of crude oil and its associated products:

(a) Sketch an explosimeter suitable for testing pump rooms or tanks, and give a brief description of the operation of this explosimeter. (10)

(b) What periodic maintenance or checks are carried out on the P-V Breaker fitted on a tanker ship? (6)

Explain the following:

(a) Control air dryer - working principle with diagram, of any one type of dryer of your choice. (8)

(b) Any two types of Ballast water treatment system. (8)

(a) What is meant by the term 'purification' and what does it 'separate'? (3)

(b) What are the basic methods of 'separation'? Explain the functioning of 'purifier' and 'clarifier'? (3)

(c) What is meant by the term 'interface' and what is the role of 'gravity disc' in determining the same? (4)

(d) What is 'NOMOGRAM' and how is the correct 'gravity disc' size selected? (6)

(a) Draw a simple line sketch of a 'shell and tube' cooler, clearly labelling its parts. (6)

(b) Describe the system. (4)

(c) Name common defects found. (3)

(d) What periodical maintenance, needs to be carried out. (3)

(a) What is meant by the term 'corrosion' and how does it occur in nature? (6)

(b) Name different types of 'wet and dry corrosion' (at least 4 of them) with brief account of their occurrence and suitable preventive measures for their control. (10)

Write short notes on the following pertaining to the use of copper alloys in seawater systems.

(a) Use of copper nickel and formation of protective film for use in seawater. (4)

(b) Cavitation (4)

(c) Dezincification (4)

(d) Marine Biofouling (4)

(a) Name the safety devices fitted on 2 stage air compressors on ships. Explain their functional purpose as well as location of fitment, using a schematic diagram. (12)

(b) State the maintenance and checks carried out periodically in order to keep them efficient. (4)

(a) Describe the constructional features of plate type fresh water generator and its operational procedures for fresh water generation. (6)

(b) State the temperatures and pressures at salient points. (4)

(c) State some of the advantages and limitations that exist in using a plate type heat exchanger. (6)

(a) Why is heat treatment necessary for carbon steel? (6)

(b) Describe the various heat treatment processes and their benefits. (10)

(a) Describe the functional components of a reefer plant for the domestic refrigeration system and temperatures to be maintained in different cold rooms. (8)

(b) In reference to a domestic refrigeration system briefly describe the following: (8)

(i) pressure switches

(ii) tubular heat exchangers

(iii) oil separator

(iv) drier system

(a) Sketch and describe a biological sewage treatment system. (6)

(b) How does the biological Sewage Treatment Plant work? (6)

(c) What is understood by the term BOD? What are the factors that affect BOD? (4)

(a) How does heat treatment affect the properties of metals? Discuss common heat treatment processes. (6)

(b) Describe the factors that influence the corrosion of metals and methods to prevent corrosion. (6)

(c) What are the factors that affect the mechanical properties of materials, such as hardness, toughness, and ductility? (4)

Make a diagrammatic sketch of an exhaust gas boiler. Describe its construction and explain how it is maintained in an efficient condition. (16)

Explain the following briefly with reference to a domestic refrigeration system on board a ship. (16)

(a) Ingress of air into the freon system.

(b) Loss of refrigerant from a condenser.

(c) Water in the freon system.

(d) Icing of condenser external surface.

(a) Sketch a water-tight door and frame showing manner of attachment to bulkhead and the additional reinforcement carried by the bulkhead to compensate for the aperture. (8)

(b) Explain how water-tightness of the door and frame mating surface is ensured with an hydrostatic pressure tending to force the faces apart. (4)

(c) Describe the means of remote closing operation of the door and state how many closing stations there are and their position. (4)

Sketch and explain the construction of a feed Check Valve. Why is it known as double shut off arrangement? (16)

With reference to auxiliary boiler water impurity define the effects of the following salts: (16)

(a) Calcium carbonate,

(b) Sodium chloride,

(c) Magnesium chloride,

(d) Calcium sulphate,

Explain how the quantity of each is determined and controlled.

Write short notes on the following: (16)

(a) ultrasonic testing (8)

(b) shaft earthing device (8)

(a) Sketch a screw displacement pump and explain its operation. (10)

(b) State the factors which affect its efficiency. (6)

With reference to main air reservoirs:

(a) Give a line sketch of the manner in which mountings are attached to the shell, (6)

(b) Explain why regular internal inspection is advisable. (4)

(c) What inspection and maintenance will you carry out on an air reservoir? (6)

With reference to control system state what is meant by:

(a) Two step action (6)

(b) Proportional control; (5)

(c) Offset (5)

(a) Sketch a line diagram showing a typical 'Inert Gas System' used for inerting the cargo tanks of oil tankers, labeling the component parts. (6)

(b) Describe the system. (8)

(c) State what oxygen content you would expect in the flue gases if good combustion is achieved. (2)

(a) Why are Engineering Materials tested prior manufacturing before use and how are they classified? (6)

(b) Describe the various 'destructive' and 'non destructive' tests carried out on materials for shipboard use. (4)

(c) Explain the purpose of each test and discuss the application of the material. (6)

With reference to a typical shipboard refrigeration system:

(a) Sketch the arrangement which controls superheat temperature of refrigerant gas leaving the evaporator. (8)

(b) Describe the operation of the arrangement sketched in (a) assuming one of the HFC refrigerant is the working medium. (4)

(c) Explain the purpose of the equalizing connection. (4)

With regard to keeping the gas side of boilers in good condition discuss EACH of the following:

(a) The mechanism of combustion, stating the factors which are important to good combustion; (6)

(b) Oil fuel treatments; (5)

(c) Soot removal equipment. (5)

Explain why regular testing of water in auxiliary boilers is desirable. For each test normally carried out, state:

(a) Reasons for making the test (8)

(b) Acceptable values for any particular type of auxiliary boiler (4)

(c) Action required when measured values differ appreciably from desired values (4)

With reference to electric arc welding:

(a) Draw a labeled sectional sketch of a satisfactory butt weld. (6)

(b) Briefly define the following defects that may occur and how they may have been (6)

(i) Under cut

(ii) Splatter

(iii) Inclusion

(iv) Blow hole

(v) Incomplete root penetration

(vi) Lack of fusion

(c) Why is alternating current generally more popular then direct current for metal arc welding? (4)

Compare the desirable qualities of the lubricating oil selected for each of the following duties and give reasons for the differing properties of the oils recommended for these three purposes:

(a) Auxiliary diesel engines;

(b) Stern tube bearings;

(c) Refrigeration compressors (16)

Reverse osmosis is the contemporary alternative for shipboard production of drinking water.

(a) Describe using simple diagrams where necessary, the principle of: (6)

(i) Osmosis

(ii) Reverse osmosis

(b) (i) Sketch a line diagram showing a 'single pass system' for producing fresh water from seawater (4)

(ii) Describe such a system. (2)

(iii) State the safety features that may be incorporated into the plant. (4)

(a) What are the different types of coupling bolts used in practice? Name at least 3. (3)

(b) Explain with the help of sketch, as to how a 'pilgrim' hydraulic bolt is fitted and removed? (8)

(c) How are fitted boards installed on the coupling? (5)

(a) Sketch and describe the modern purification system using 'ALCAP' concept for purifying fuel with specific gravity about 0.991. (8)

(b) Explain how 'ALCAP' separater operates as clarifier & how is the water drained (5)

(c) What is 'paring disc'? How does it function? (3)

Clean and dry control air is essential for efficient, troublefree operation of a ship's pneumatic ' control air system.

(a) Sketch and describe a low pressure control air systems used on board ships, showing various arrangements to deal with dust, oil and moisture as well as safety systems. (8)

(b) Explain using a line diagram, arrangement provided, to reduce the air pressure to 7/8 bars, required for control air system. (8)

(a) Whilst on 'seawatch' you observe that the Oil Mist detector(OMD) in the engine room has triggered an alarm; and in feeling the crankcase doors on the bottom platform, you find that the unit in question feels warmer than the rest. What pre-emptive action will you take as Watch-keeper to bring the situation under control. (10)

(b) Draw a simple line diagram of a 'OMD' and explain it's working. (6)

Explain the following terms and give examples of where each condition might

(a) Stress Corrosion cracking (6)

(b) Creep cracking (5)

(c) Corrosion fatigue. (5)

(a) What are the Safety Devices fitted to an Air Compressor? (4)

(b) What is the Purpose of the Scum Valve on a Boiler? (4)

(c) What is the Function of an Evaporator in a Refrigeration System? (4)

(d) Regarding the Emergency Bilge Injection Valve, what is its relevant size compared to the Main Sea Water Injection Valve? (4)

(a) Sketch a four-ram steering gear arrangement capable of 100% redundancy. (8)

(b) Describe the operation of the arrangement sketched in (a). (8)

(a) Explain why air receivers should be drained frequently and its internal surfaces to be provided with protective coatings; (6)

(b) Describe the procedure for internal inspection of air receivers and the possible defects that may be encountered. Suggest suitable repair methods for the (6)

(c) Describe fault conditions associated with air receiver mountings and the remedies to rectify the same. (4)

(a) Define 'centrifugal pump' and where it is used on ships? Using a simple line diagram show a circuit which includes a centrifugal pump.Explain the meaning of suction lift (6)

(b) Sketch and describe the construction of a centrifugal pump, labelling its parts.What is a 'lantern ring 'and why it is fitted? (10)

(a) Discuss the use of Non-metals onboard ships & name some of the common nonmetals used. (4)

(b) What are their areas of application on ships? (4)

(c) Name the advantages & also the limitations in using non-ferrous materials. (8)

(a) Sketch a two-ram type hydraulic steering gear with a single Electro-hydraulic pumping unit. Show the hunting gear arrangement and indicate valve positions. (8)

(b) State the purpose of, and describe the operation of:

(i) Hydraulic shock/buffer valves. (3)

(ii) Oil replenishing tank. (2)

(iii) Hunting gear (3)

Explain how each of the following conditions contribute to the satisfactory performance of oil centrifuges:

(a) correct bowl speed (4)

(b) cleanliness of the bowl (4)

(c) low rate of feed to bowl (4)

(d) contaminated oil allowed to stand for an appreciable time prior to centrifuging. (4)

Describe with the aid of suitable graph, the discharge characteristics of a centrifugal pump. Explain why it does not require a relief valve. (16)

With regard to a reciprocating refrigerator compressor:

(a) Sketch the mechanical shaft seal showing its component parts and how it is lubricated. (8)

(b) Describe the sealing arrangement stating the materials used for the component parts. (4)

(c) State the effect on the environment of the release of refrigerants into the atmosphere. (4)

(a) Sketch an auxiliary boiler 'blow down' valve. Explain how it differs from its shipside counterpart. (10)

(b) Describe the sequence of 'blow down' procedure. (6)

Submit a report to the Chief Engineer stating how the fresh water generator output on board your ship was increased to near optimal values. The report should specifically mention the adjustments, corrections and improvements executed. (16)

Sketch and describe a fuel system diagram for a 2 stroke Marine diesel engine from storage / service tank to fuel injectors. Show the various components and fittings which are provided in the circuit. What is the purpose of mixing columns & autodeaerating valve? (16)

(a) Bunkering as a shipboard operation has its own significant. List out the important aspects of a bunkering operation, including the preparation and precaution to be taken to ensure a safe operation. (8)

(b) What does the Bunker specification include and how does it affect the engines adversely? Name at least three such ingredients that you expect in a Heavy Fuel Oil bunker and the effects on the engine operation (8)

With reference to rotary vane steering gears:

(a) Describe, with the aid of a sketch, how such a unit incorporates an integral rudder carrier. (10)

(b) Explain how vertical rudder movement is accommodated. (6)

A main air compressor interstage air-cooler has burst. Put down a logical sequence of event that could have caused this accident. Put down your analysis, point by point and complete in technical detail. (16)

A distinguishing feature of an eductor, when compared to other pumps, is the (16)

(a) discharge end being smaller than the suction end

(b) small size of impeller

(c) lack of moving parts

(d) ease at which the wearing rings may be changed

Briefly justify your answer.

Give an outline sketch of Heavy F.O. settling tank heating system and briefly explain the system. Sketch only the low pressure steam inlet upto condensate collection tank. (16)

The auxiliary boiler of a ship periodically needs feed water and the rate of feed is gradually increasing everyday, without an increase in demand. Suggest some causes for such a happening. (16)

Write short notes on the following :

(a) Need to ensure that D.O. service tanks are not heated beyond a certain temperature. (4)

(b) Importance of the level of the F.W. compensating tank for jacket cooling of main engines as an indicator of impending trouble. (4)

(c) Need to check remote stop of all F.O. installations regularly. (4)

(d) Necessity for a proper check of all engine room parameters before taking over of watch. (4)

The by-products of oxidation, as a result of water contamination of hydraulic oil, are generally (16)

(a) removed by cellulose type filters

(b) gums, varnishes, and acids

(c) always neutralized by oil additives

(d) harmless and have no effect on system components

Briefly justify your answer.

Explain the following terms and give examples of where each condition might occur:

(a) Stress Corrosion cracking (6)

(b) Creep cracking (5)

(c) Corrosion fatigue (5)

(a) Whilst on 'seawatch' you observe that the Oil Mist detector (OMD) in the engine room has triggered an alarm; and in feeling the crankcase doors on the bottom platform, you find that the unit in question feels warmer than the rest. What pre-emptive action will you take as Watch-keeper to bring the situation under control. (10)

(b) Draw a simple line diagram of a 'OMD' and explain it's working. (6)

(a) How does fouling affect the performance of a heat exchanger? (4)

(b) Describe the types of plugs used to plug the ends of a leaky heat exchanger tubes. (6)

(c) What is a differential pressure gauge? Where is it used? (6)

(a) Why are centrifugal pumps used for the sea and cooling water services with marine diesel engines? What are their drawbacks? (6)

(b) What do you understand by the term 'pump characteristics'? (6)

(c) What is net positive suction head? (4)

(a) With a sketch of the fuel line diagram explain the bunkering process and the checks to be undertaken before bunkering, during and after completion of the bunkering operation. (10)

(b) What are the safety features of the fuel line? (6)

(a) Explain the function of an 'eductor' with the aid of a sketch. Where do you find an eductor system on a ship? Give two examples. (8)

(b) Explain the working principle of an eductor. What are the operational challenges that may affect the performance of the eductor? (8)

(a) How is the tensile strength of a metal determined? What other information is obtained when a tensile test is made? (8)

(b) Name the non-destructive tests used during the manufacture and service of a diesel engine components and associated equipments. Give an example of where each test is used. (8)

Write short notes to explain the following fittings/devices used in engine room, and their applications: (16)

(a) Gate valve

(b) Butterfly valve

(c) Quick Closing valve

(d) Valve actuators

Sketch and describe how the torque is transmitted to the rudder stock in a rotary vane steering gear. (16)

With reference to the marine boiler operation, answer the following:

(a) What do you understand by 'accumulation of pressure' test? Explain. (8)

(b) Why is a Boiler water circulating pump required for ships fitted with an Exhaust gas Economiser? Explain with a line diagram. (8)

Explain any four of the following

(a) Difference between crude oil washing and tank cleaning. (4)

(b) Dynamic positioning system and its types (4)

(c) Deaeration tank in the HT Jacket Cooling Water System (4)

(d) Thermostatic expansion valve (4)

(e) Proportional controller with examples (4)

(a) Describe the constructional features of a plate type fresh water generator and its operational procedure for water generation. (6)

(b) State the temperatures and pressures at salient points. (4)

(c) State some of the advantages and limitations that exist in using a plate type heat exchanger. (6)

State the checks and remedial actions to be taken in case of the following detected on a reciprocating air compressor:

(a) Water mixed in the crankcase oil (4)

(b) L.P. safety valve blowing (4)

(c) Bursting disc rupture (4)

(d) Defective piston rings (4)

(a) Sketch a line diagram showing a typical Gas System used for inerting the cargo tanks of oil tankers, labeling the component parts. (8)

(b) Describe the system (8)

A distinguishing feature of an eductor, when compared to other pumps, is the (16)

(a) Discharge end being smaller than the suction end

(b) Smaller size of impeller

(c) Lack of moving parts

(d) Ease at which the wearing rings may be changed

Briefly justify your answer.

(a) Whilst on 'seawatch' you observe that the Oil Mist detector (OMD) in the engine room has triggered an alarm and in feeling the crankcase doors on the bottom platform you find that the unit in question feels warmer than the rest. What preemptive action will you take as Watch-keeper to bring the situation under control. (10)

(b) Draw a simple line diagram of a "OMD" and explain it's working. (6)

With reference to control system, explain in brief:

(a) Two step action (6)

(b) Proportional control (5)

(c) Offset (5)

(a) Why engineering materials are tested prior manufacturing of their components. (6)

(b) Name any three "Destructive" and three "Non-destructive" tests carried out on materials for shipboard used. Explain the purpose of each test and where same are applied. (10)

(a) Explain 'shortcycling' in the context of refrigeration and airconditioning systems on board ship. State its causes and how it can be avoided. (6)

(b) State the symptoms of 'overcharging' and 'undercharging' in refrigeration system; what are its effects and state remedial measures. (5)

(c) State three remedial measures of oil in a refrigeration system. What would be its effects. (5)

Write short notes on:

(a) Control air dryer - working principle with diagram, of any one type of dryer of your choice. (8)

(b) Any two types of Ballast water treatment system. (8)

(a) What are the different types of coupling bolts used in practice? Name at least 3. (3)

(b) Explain with the help of sketch, as to how a 'pilgrim' hydraulic bolt is fitted and removed? (8)

(c) How are fitted bolts installed on the coupling? (5)

(a) Explain the working principle of a fuel oil purifier. (8)

(b) Explain briefly the significance of the friction clutch mechanism. (4)

(c) List the alarms and trips associated with a purifier. (4)

Which of the materials listed is used as the dynamic seal material on mechanical seals installed on most centrifugal pumps used in water service? (16)

(a) Copper.

(b) Copper and carbon.

(c) Carbon.

(d) Bronze.

Briefly justify your answer.

(a) Sketch and describe a central cooling fresh system for a motor ship. (8)

(b) State the possible causes of corrosion in the closed system described in (a). (4)

(c) Explain how protections against corrosion is provided? (4)

(a) State why the presence of oil in boiler water is considered serious. (4)

(b) Suggest likely sources of oil contamination. (4)

(c) Describe how the source is traced. (4)

(d) Describe how the whole steam plant is restored to oil free conditions. (4)

Describe the following metallurgical tests and explain why EACH is carried out:

(a) Impact test (4)

(b) Hardness test (4)

(c) Endurance test (4)

(d) Tensile test (4)

If a radial piston hydraulic pump fails to deliver rated fluid volume, the cause can be _________. (16)

(a) Contaminated fluid

(b) Pitted thrust rings

(c) Worn pintle bearings

(d) Obstructed suctions passage

Briefly, justify your answer.

Write short notes on the following:

(a) Incinerators (5)

(b) Air line relief valve (5)

(c) Mixing column (6)

(a) Make a detailed sketch of a Direct Expansion Two Room Refrigeration system. (10)

(b) Give a full description of such a Refrigeration System, explaining the purpose of the relevant control and safety devices. (6)

With reference to electric arc welding:

(a) Draw a labeled sectional sketch of a satisfactory butt weld. (8)

(b) Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using alternating current and direct current in this type of welding. (8)

(a) Sketch a two-ram type hydraulic steering gear with a single Electro-hydraulic pumping unit. Show the hunting gear arrangement and indicate valve positions. (8)

(b) State the purpose of, and describe the operation of:

(i) Hydraulic shock/buffer valves. (3)

(ii) The replenishing tank. (2)

(iii) Hunting gear. (3)

A controllable pitch propeller on a diesel driven vessel eliminates the need for:

(a) Friction clutches

(b) Disconnect clutches

(c) Reversing gears

(d) Reduction gears

Justify your answer and explain the working of CPP in brief. (16)

Describe with the aid of suitable graph, the discharge characteristics of a centrifugal pump. Explain why it does not require a relief valve. (16)

With regard to a reciprocating refrigerator compressor:

(a) Sketch the mechanical shaft seal showing its component parts and how it is lubricated. (8)

(b) Describe the sealing arrangement stating the materials used for the component parts. (4)

(c) State the effect on the environment of the release of refrigerants into the atmosphere. (4)

(a) Sketch an auxiliary boiler 'blow down' valve. Explain how it differs from its shipside counterpart. (10)

(b) Describe the sequence of 'blow down' procedure. (6)

Submit a report to the Chief Engineer stating how the fresh water generator output on board your ship was increased to near optimal values. The report should specifically mention the adjustments, corrections and improvements executed.

Write short notes on the following:

(a) Need for draining F.O. Services tanks regularly. (4)

(b) Need to ensure engine control room temperature is correctly maintained. (4)

(c) Need to ensure that service air is kept dry by all means. (4)

(d) To ensure that all guard rails are in place properly secured in the engine room. (4)

Sketch and describe a contra flow type heat exchanger for the auxiliary engine applications. (16)

(a) With a line diagram, explain the working of the Quick Closing valve? (8)

(b) Why do you need the Quick closing valves on the fuel and lube oil lines? (3)

(c) Explain how to reset the valve after a trial. How is the periodic test carried out and what are the areas of concern that need special attention. (5)

(a) Describe the constructional features of plate type fresh water generator and its operational procedures for fresh water generation. (6)

(b) State the temperatures and pressures at salient points. (4)

(c) State some of the advantages and limitations that exist in using a plate type heat exchanger. (6)

(a) With a diagram of the lubricating oil line, explain the working of an automatic backflushing filter placed on the lubricating oil line of the main engine. (10)

(b) List the main difference between such a filter and a centrifugal separator.

(a) Describe TWO methods of tracing a superficial crack in a casting used as a engine component. (8)

(b) Explain how propagation of a crack in a machinery component can be arrested. (8)

(a) How is the tensile strength of a metal determined? What other information is obtained when a tensile test is made? (8)

(b) Name the non-destructive tests used during the manufacture and service of a diesel engine components and associated equipments. Give an example of where each test is used. (8)

Write short notes to explain the following fittings/devices used in engine room, and their applications:

(a) Gear pump (5)

(b) Priming pump of Emergency fire pump (5)

(c) PID controller (6)

Write short notes on the following:

(a) Need for draining F.O. Services tanks regularly. (4)

(b) Need to ensure engine control room temperature is correctly maintained. (4)

(c) Need to ensure that service air is kept dry by all means. (4)

(d) To ensure that all guard rails are in place properly secured in the engine room. (4)

With regard to the carriage of crude oil and its associated products:

(a) Sketch an explosimeter suitable for testing pump rooms or tanks, and give a brief description of the operation of this explosimeter. (10)

(b) What periodic maintenance or checks are carried out on the P-V Breaker fitted on a tanker ship? (6)

Explain the following:

(a) Control air dryer - working principle with diagram, of any one type of dryer of your choice. (8)

(b) Any two types of Ballast water treatment system. (8)

With reference to electric arc welding:

(a) Draw a labeled sectional sketch of a satisfactory butt weld. (4)

(b) Briefly define the following defects that may occur and how they may have been caused: (12)

(i) Under cut

(ii) Splatter

(iii) Inclusion

(iv) Blow hole

(v) Incomplete root penetration

(vi) Lack of fusion

Make a diagrammatic sketch of an exhaust gas boiler. Describe its construction and explain how it is maintained in an efficient condition. (16)

Explain the following briefly with reference to a domestic refrigeration system on board a ship. (16)

(a) Ingress of air into the freon system.

(b) Loss of refrigerant from a condensor.

(c) Water in the freon system.

(d) Icing of condensor external surface.

(a) Sketch a water–tight door and frame showing manner of attachment to bulkhead and the additional reinforcement carried by the bulkhead to compensate for the aperture. (8)

(b) Explain how water–tightness of the door and frame mating surface is ensured with an hydrostatic pressure tending to force the faces apart. (4)

(c) Describe the means of remote closing operation of the door and state how many closing stations there are and their position. (4)

Sketch and explain the construction of a feed Check Valve. Why is it known as double shut off arrangement?

With reference to auxiliary boiler water impurity define the effects of the following salts: (16)

(a) Calcium carbonate,

(b) Sodium chloride,

(c) Magnesium chloride,

(d) Calcium sulphate.

Explain how the quantity of each is determined and controlled.

Write short notes on the following:

(a) ultrasonic testing (8)

(b) shaft earthing device (8)

(a) Sketch a screw displacement pump and explain its operation. (10)

(b) State the factors which affect its efficiency. (6)

With reference to main air reservoirs:

(a) Give a line sketch of the manner in which mountings are attached to the shell, (6)

(b) Explain why regular internal inspection is advisable. (4)

(c) What inspection and maintenance you will carry out on air reservoir? (6)

(a) Using a line diagram, show the arrangement of 'emergency bilge suction' for a general cargo ship. (8)

(b) State the purpose of 'bilge injection valve' and to which pump or pumps it is connected. Give reasons. (4)

(c) State requirements with respect to the dimensions of the bilge injection valve and the main sea suction valve on the sea chest. (4)

(a) What are the advantages and disadvantages of the single-coil type and the straight-tube type of inter-cooler for air compressor? (10)

(b) Why are the tubes and coils generally made of copper? (6)

(a) With the aid of a sketch describe the working of a shell and tube type fresh water generator. (10)

(b) What are the probable causes of fluctuating and unsteady vacuum in such an evaporator and what would be the consequence of such an unsteady vacuum? (6)

(a) Make a detailed sketch of a Ships domestic refrigeration system. (8)

(b) Give a full description of such a Refrigeration System, explaining the purpose of the relevant control and safety devices. (8)

(a) In the context of auxiliary boiler, explain, what do you understand by the term 'foaming'? List the measures you would consider to prevent it? Is it different from 'priming' in the auxiliary boiler context? (6)

(b) Explain any one of the following with a sketch: (6)

(i) composite boiler

(ii) exhaust gas economiser.

(c) What is the significance of 'de-aeration' of the boiler water? How is it achieved and what are the effects if ignored? (4)

Write short notes to explain the following fittings/devices used in engine room, and their applications. (16)

(a) Low sea suction

(b) Fretting corrosion

(c) Caustic embrittlement

(d) Air starting motor

(a) Sketch a four-ram steering gear arrangement capable of 100% redundancy. (8)

(b) Describe the operation of the arrangement sketched in (a). (8)

(a) Sketch a line diagram showing a typical 'Inert Gas System' used for inerting the cargo tanks of oil tankers, labelling the component-parts. (6)

(b) Describe the system (8)

(c) State what oxygen content you would expect in the flue gases if good combustion is achieved. (2)

(a) Sketch a nozzle/flapper device used for the generation of a pneumatic signal, labelling the component parts. (10)

(b) Describe the operation of the device in (a) above. (6)

(a) How does fouling affect the performance of a heat exchanger? (4)

(b) Describe the types of plugs used to plug the ends of a leaky heat exchanger tubes. (6)

(c) What is a differential pressure gauge? Where is it used? (6)

(a) Why are centrifugal pumps used for the sea and cooling water services with marine diesel engines? What are their drawbacks? (6)

(b) What do you understand by the term 'pump characteristics'? (6)

(c) What is net positive suction head? (4)

(a) With a sketch of the fuel line diagram explain the bunkering process and the checks to be undertaken before bunkering, during and after completion of the bunkering operation (10)

(b) What are the safety features of the fuel line? (6)

(a) Explain the function of an 'eductor' with the aid of a sketch. Where do you find an eductor system on a ship? Give two examples. (8)

(b) Explain the working principle of an eductor. What are the operational challenges that may affect the performance of the eductor? (8)

(a) How is the tensile strength of a metal determined? What other information is obtained when a tensile test is made? (8)

(b) Name the non-destructive tests used during the manufacture and service of a diesel engine components and associated equipment. Give an example of where each test is used. (8)

Write short notes to explain the following fittings/devices used in engine room, and their applications: (16)

(a) Gate valve

(b) Butterfly valve

(c) Quick Closing valve

(d) Valve actuators

Sketch and describe how the torque is transmitted to the rudder stock in a rotary vane steering gear. (16)

With reference to the marine boiler operation, answer the following:

(a) What do you understand by 'accumulation of pressure' test? Explain. (8)

(b) Why is a Boiler water circulating pump required for ships fitted with an Exhaust gas Economiser? Explain with a line diagram.

Explain any four of the following:

(a) Difference between crude oil washing and tank cleaning (4)

(b) Dynamic positioning system and its types (4)

(c) Deaeration tank in the HT Jacket Cooling Water System (4)

(d) Thermostatic expansion valve (4)

(e) Proportional controller with examples (4)

(a) What is meant by the term 'purification' and what does it 'separate'? (3)

(b) What are the basic methods of 'separation'? Explain the functioning of 'purifier' and 'clarifier'? (3)

(c) What is meant by the term 'interface' and what is the role of 'gravity disc'? in determining the same (4)

(d) What is 'NOMOGRM' and how correct 'gravity disc' size is selected (6)

(a) Draw a simple line sketch of a 'shell and tube' cooler, clearly labelling its parts (6)

(b) Describe the system (4)

(c) Name common defects found (3)

(d) What periodical maintenance, needs to be carried out (3)

(a) What is meant by the term 'corrosion' and how does it occur in nature? (6)

(b) Name different types of 'wet and dry corrosion' (at least 4 of them) with brief account of their occurrence and suitable preventive measures for their control. (10)

(a) Describe the effects of taking fresh water from the shore as feedwater for auxiliary boilers. (5)

(b) Describe the measures taken to reduce these effects. (5)

(c) What is the purpose of deaerator in the boiler feed water system? How is the deaeration achieved? (6)

(a) Name the safety devices fitted on 2-stage air compressors on ship. Explain their functional purpose as well as location of fitment, using a schematic diagram (12)

(b) State the maintenance and checks carried out periodically in order to keep them efficient (4)

Describe the constructional features of plate type fresh water generator and its operational procedures for fresh water generation; (6)

(a) State the temperatures and pressures at salient points (4)

(b) State some of the advantages and limitations that exist in using a plate type heat exchanger. (6)

(a) Why is heat treatment necessary for carbon steel? (6)

(b) Describe the various heat treatment processes and their benefits (10)

(a) Describe the functional components of a reefer plant for the domestic refrigeration system and temperatures to be maintained in different cold rooms (8)

(b) In reference to a domestic refrigeration system, briefly describe the following: (8)

(i) Pressure switches

(ii) Tubular heat exchangers

(iii) Oil separators

(iv) Drier system

(a) Sketch and describe a biological sewage treatment system. (6)

(b) How does the biological Sewage Treatment Plant work? (6)

(c) What is understood by the term BOD? What factors that affect BOD (4)

(a) What are the different types of coupling bolts used in practice? Name at least 3. (3)

(b) Explain with the help of sketch, as to how a 'pilgrim' hydraulic bolt is fitted and removed? (8)

(c) How are fitted bolts installed on the coupling? (5)

(a) Explain the working principle of a fuel oil purifier. (8)

(b) Explain briefly the significance of the friction clutch mechanism. (4)

(c) List the alarms and trips associated with a purifier. (4)

Which of the materials listed is used as the dynamic seal material on mechanical seals installed on most centrifugal pumps used in water service? (16)

(a) Copper.

(b) Copper and carbon.

(c) Carbon.

(d) Bronze,

Briefly justify your answer.

(a) Sketch and describe a central cooling freshwater system for a motor ship. (8)

(b) State the possible causes of corrosion in the closed system described in (a). (4)

(c) Explain how protections against corrosion is provided? (4)

(a) State why the presence of oil in boiler water is considered serious. (4)

(b) Suggest likely sources of oil contamination. (4)

(c) Describe how the source is traced. (4)

(d) Describe how the whole steam plant is restored to oil free conditions. (4)

Describe the following metallurgical tests and explain why EACH is carried out:

(a) Impact test (4)

(b) Hardness test (4)

(c) Endurance test (4)

(d) Tensile test (4)

If a radial piston hydraulic pump fails to deliver rated fluid volume, the cause can be: (16)

(a) Contaminated fluid

(b) Pitted thrust rings

(c) Wom pintle bearings

(d) Obstructed suctions passage

Briefly justify your answer.

Write short notes on the following:

(a) Incinerators (5)

(b) Air line relief valve (5)

(c) Mixing column (6)

(a) Make a detailed sketch of a Direct Expansion Two Room Refrigeration system. (10)

(b) Give a full description of such a Refrigeration System, explaining the purpose of the relevant control and safety devices. (6)

With reference to rotary vane steering gears:

(a) Describe, with the aid of a sketch, how such a unit incorporates an integral rudder carrier (10)

(b) Explain how vertical rudder movement is accomodated. (6)

A main air compressor interstage air-cooler has burst. Pur down a logical sequence of event that could have caused this necident. Pur down your analysis, point by point and complete in technical detail. (16)

A distinguishing feature of an eductor, when compared to other pumps, is the: (16)

(a) Discharge end being smaller than the suction end

(b) Small size of impelier

(c) Lack of moving parts

(d) Ease at which the wearing rings may be changed

Bricfly justify your answer.

Give an outline sketch of Heavy F.O. settling tank heating system and briefly explain the system. Sketch only the low pressure steam inlet upto condensate collection tank. (16)

The auxiliary boiler of a ship periodically needs feed water and the rate of feed is gradually increasing everyday, without an increase in demand. Suggest some causes for such a happening. (16)

Write short notes on the following:

(a) Need to ensure that D.O. service tanks are not heated beyond a certain temperature (4)

(b) Importance of the level of the F.W. compensating tank for jacket cooling of main engines as an indicatar of impending trouble (4)

(c) Need to check remote stop of all F.O. installations regularly (4)

(d) Necessity for a proper check of all engine room parameters before taking over of watch. (4)

The by-products of oxidation, as a result of water contamination of hydraulic oil, are generally (16)

(a) Removed by cellulose type filters

(b) Gums, varnishes, and acids

(c) Always neutralized by oil additives

(d) Harmless and have no effect on system components

Briefly justify vour answer.

Explain the following terms and give examples of where each condition might occur:

(a) Stress Corrosion cracking (6)

(b) Creep cracking (5)

(c) Corrosion fatigue (5)

(a) Whilst on 'seawatch' you observe that the Oil Mist detector (OMD) in the engine room has triggered an alarm; and in feeling the crankcase doors on the bottom plafform, you find that the unit in question feels warmer than the rest. What preemptive action will you take as Watch-keeper to bring the situation under control. (10)

(b) Draw a simple line diagram of a 'OMD' and explain it's working. (6)

(a) Describe the constructional features of plate type fresh water generator and its operational procedures for fresh water generation.

(b) State the temperatures and pressures at salient points.

(c) State some of the advantages and limitations that exist in using a plate type heat exchanger.

State the causes and remedial actions to be taken in case of the following detected on a reciprocating air compressor:

(a) Water mixed in the crankcase oil

(b) L.P. safety valve blowing

(c) Bursting disc rupture

(d) Defective piston rings

(a) Sketch a line diagram showing a typical 'Inert Gas System' used for inerting the cargo tanks of oil tankers, labelling the component parts.

(b) Describe the system.

A distinguishing feature of an eductor, when compared to other pumps, is the

(a) discharge end being smaller than the suction end

(b) small size of impeller

(c) lack of moving parts

(d) ease at which the wearing rings may be changed

Briefly justify your answer.

5 (a) Whilst on 'seawatch' you observe that the Oil Mist detector(OMD) in the engine room has triggered an alarm; and in feeling the crankcase doors on the bottom platform, you find that the unit in question feels warmer than the rest. What pre-emptive action will you take as Watch-keeper to bring the situation under control.

(b) Draw a simple line diagram of a 'OMD' and explain it's working.

With reference to control system, explain in brief:

(a) Two step action.

(b) Proportional Control

(c) Offset

(a) Why engineering materials are tested prior manufacturing of their components.

(b) Describe the various 'destructive' and 'non destructive' tests carried out on materials for shipboard used. Explain the purpose of each test and where same applied

(a) Explain 'shortcycling' in the context of refrigeration and air conditioning systems onboard ship. State its causes and how it can be avoided. (5)

(b) State the symptoms of 'overcharging and undercharging' in refrigeration system; what are its effects and state remedial measures. (6)

(c) What are the visible indicators of oil in a refrigeration system. What would be its effects ? State remedial measures. (5)

(a) Control air dryer - working principle with diagram, of any one type of dryer of your choice. (8)

(b) Any two types of Ballast water treatment system. (8)

(a) Discuss the use of Non-metals onboard Ships & name some of the common non-materials used (4)

(b) What are their areas of application on ships (4)

(c) Name the advantages & also the limitations in using non-ferrous materials (8)

(a) Sketch a two ram-type hydraulic steering gear with a single Electro-hydraulic pumping unit. Show the hunting gear arrangement and indiate valve positions (8)

(b) State the purpose of and describe the operation of:

(i) Hydraulic shock/ buffer valves (3)

(ii) Oi replenishing tank (2)

(iii) Hunting gear (3)

Explain how each of the following conditions contribute to the satisfactory performance of oil centrifuges:

(a) Correct bowl speed (4)

(b) Cleanliness of the bowl (4)

(c) Low rate of feed to bowl (4)

(d) Contaminated oil allowed to stand for an appreciable time prior to centrfuging (4)

Describe with the aid of sutiable graph, the discharge characteristics of a centrifugal pump. Explain why it does not require a relief valve (16)

With regards to a reciprocating refrigerator compressor:

(a) Sketch the mechanical shaft seal showing its component parts and how it is lubricated (8)

(b) Describe the sealing arrangement stating the material used for the cotmponent parts (4)

(c) State the effect on the environment of the release of refrigerants into the atmosphere (4)

(a) Sketch an auxiliary boiler blow down valve. Explain how it differs from its shipside counterpart (10)

(b) Describe the sequence of 'blow down' procedure (6)

Submit a report to the Chief Engineer stating how the fresh water generator output on board your ship was increased to near optimal values. The report should specifically mention the adjustments, correctons and improvements execured (16)

Sketch and describe a fuel system diagram for a 2 stroke Marine diesel engine from storage / service tank to fuel injectors. Show the various components and fittings which are provided in the circuit. What is the purpose of mixing columns &

auto deaerating valve?