(a) Explain 'shortcycling' in the context of refrigeration and airconditioning systems on board ship. State its causes and how it can be avoided. (6)

(b) State the symptoms of 'overcharging' and 'undercharging' in refrigeration system; what are its effects and state remedial measures. (5)

(c) State three remedial measures of oil in a refrigeration system. What would be its effects. (5)