(b) Explain 'shortcycling' in the context of refrigeration and airconditioning systems onboard ship. State its causes and how it can be avoided. (6)

(b) State the symptoms of 'overcharging' and 'undercharging' in refrigeration system; what are its effects and state remedial measures. (5)

(c) What are the visible indicators of oil in a refrigeration system. What would be its effects? State remedial measures. (5)