(a) Describe the provisions of additional structural strength to withstand pounding. (6)

(b) A ship is turning at 17 knots turns with a radius of 450 m when the rudder is put hard over. The centre of gravity is 7 m above the keel, the transverse metacentre 7.45 m above the keel and the centre of buoyancy 4 m above the keel. If the centripetal force is assumed to act at the centre of buoyancy, calculate the angle of heel when turning. The rudder force may be ignored. (10)