A vessel is taking on water but is not in immediate danger of sinking. What would be the best action to take to increase the vessel's stability?

Correct Answer: Option D — reduce free surface where possible

Liquid movement across partially filled tanks or flooded compartments creates a severe free surface effect, causing a virtual rise in the vessel's center of gravity (KG) and reducing transverse GM. Eliminating or minimizing free surface effect by pumping out or completely filling compartments rapidly improves stability.