A vessel steams 1650 miles on course 077°T from LAT 12°47'N, LONG 45°10'E. What is the latitude and longitude of the point of arrival by Mercator sailing?

Correct Answer: Option B — LAT 18°58'N, LONG 72°52'E

Mercator sailing formulas utilize meridional parts to solve the rhumb-line triangle for long distances. By determining the difference in latitude, difference in meridional parts, and course, the arrival position is accurately computed as LAT 18°58'N, LONG 72°52'E per Bowditch.