As Chief Engineer you should understand the concept of loll and its cause. An angle of loll is commonly caused by which of the following conditions?

Correct Answer: Option A — A negative GM.

Negative GM indicates that the metacenter (M) is below the center of gravity (G), resulting in unstable equilibrium. The vessel will heel until it reaches an angle of loll where the righting arm becomes zero. This condition requires immediate corrective action, such as ballasting, to restore positive stability.