For all loading operations, the terminal must supply the vessel with a means in which the vessel's designated person-in-charge may stop the flow of oil to the vessel, insuring immediate shutdown in the event of a hose rupture, tank overflow, etc. This means of control may be activated __________.

Correct Answer: Option D — all of the above.

33 CFR 155.780 requires that the vessel's person-in-charge must have a reliable means to stop oil flow immediately. This control can be pneumatic, mechanical, electrical, or via a dedicated communication device, ensuring that the transfer can be halted instantly if an emergency occurs, regardless of the specific technology employed.