If a bolt or stud were to break off flush at the surface, which of the listed actions would probably be the best first step to begin the process of its removal?

Correct Answer: Option C — Drill a hole in the center of the broken stud.

Drilling a hole in the center of a broken stud is the critical first step to allow for the insertion of a screw extractor. This provides a secure purchase point for the tool, enabling the engineer to apply the necessary torque to back out the broken fastener.