On small passenger vessels each inlet or discharge pipe penetrating the hull less than six inches above the deepest load waterline __________.

Correct Answer: Option A — except for engine exhausts must have a means to prevent water from entering the vessel if the pipe fails

46 CFR 182.430 requires that hull penetrations near the waterline be fitted with a means to prevent flooding, such as a seacock or check valve, if the piping fails. Engine exhausts are exempted from this specific requirement due to the necessity of a clear, unobstructed path for exhaust gases.