The distance that a vessel travels from the time that the order to put engines full astern until the vessel is dead in the water is known as __________.

Correct Answer: Option B — head reach

Head reach defines the forward distance covered by a vessel from the instant the engines are ordered full astern until the vessel loses all headway. Understanding this distance is essential for safe navigation and compliance with Rule 6 of the COLREGS regarding safe speed and stopping distance.