To be in compliance with U.S. Federal Ballast Water Management regulations, which of the following procedures may be followed by an ocean vessel entering U.S. waters returning from an international voyage?

Correct Answer: Option D — All of the above

U.S. Federal Ballast Water Management regulations under 33 CFR 151 require vessels to minimize the risk of invasive species. Compliance is achieved by retaining ballast, performing a mid-ocean exchange at least 200 nautical miles from shore, or utilizing a Coast Guard-approved alternative treatment system prior to discharging in U.S. waters.