Under the Carriage of Goods by Sea Act of 1936, a vessel will be liable for damage to cargo when the damage arises out of __________.

Correct Answer: Option C — overloading

Under the Carriage of Goods by Sea Act (COGSA), carriers are responsible for proper and careful loading, handling, and stowage. Overloading constitutes carrier negligence or operational failure, making the vessel liable for resulting cargo damage.