What is meant by the term "counter-flooding"?

Correct Answer: Option A — Counter-flooding is the pumping of sea water into the high side or end of a ship to correct for off-center weight that had resulted in a list or adverse trim angle.

Counter-flooding is a deliberate damage control measure used to correct a list or adverse trim. By intentionally flooding tanks on the high side or opposite end of the vessel, the Master or Chief Engineer can restore the ship to an even keel, thereby improving stability and preventing further structural stress.