When renewing spiral packing in a centrifugal pump stuffing box, after the packing is firmly seated, the packing gland nuts should be __________.

Correct Answer: Option A — loosened, and then retightened with the pump running under normal conditions

Packing requires a controlled leakage rate for lubrication and cooling. After seating, the gland must be backed off to prevent excessive friction and heat buildup. Final adjustment while the pump is running ensures the gland is tightened only enough to achieve the manufacturer's recommended drip rate, preventing shaft sleeve damage.