When the anchor is brought to and holding, the horizontal component of anchor cable tensions should equal the __________.

Correct Answer: Option C — environmental forces

Anchor holding power relies on the catenary effect of the chain. The horizontal component of tension must counteract the external environmental forces—specifically wind, current, and wave action—acting upon the vessel's hull and superstructure. This equilibrium prevents the anchor from dragging and maintains the vessel's position within the assigned anchorage.