While steaming on course 280°T, you sight a buoy showing a very quick-flashing (VQ) white light well to port. Maintaining course, you sight another buoy showing a quick-flashing (Q) white light. You should pass __________.

Correct Answer: Option D — north of the buoy

Under IALA cardinal buoyage, a North cardinal mark indicates the safest water lies to the north. A VQ light (continuous) signifies a North mark, while a Q light (group of 3) signifies an East mark. To remain in safe water, you must pass to the north of the North cardinal buoy.