Your stability calculations indicate your vessel has a marginal GM. Which of the following is the most effective way to increase the stability of the vessel?

Correct Answer: Option D — lower the center of gravity and raise reserve buoyancy

Stability is maximized by lowering the center of gravity (KG) and increasing reserve buoyancy. Lowering KG increases the metacentric height (GM), while higher reserve buoyancy improves the vessel's ability to resist capsizing when heeled, directly enhancing the righting arm (GZ) and overall vessel safety in accordance with intact stability criteria.