BOTH INTERNATIONAL & INLAND Which describes a head-on situation?

Correct Answer: Option C — Seeing both sidelights of a vessel directly ahead

Rule 14(b) specifies that a head-on situation exists when a vessel sees another ahead and sees both sidelights. This visual evidence confirms the vessels are on reciprocal or nearly reciprocal courses, necessitating the standard Rule 14(a) maneuver of altering course to starboard to ensure a port-to-port passing.