Impressed current cathodic hull protection systems are commonly used on modern vessels. What are these systems designed to replace or reduce?

Correct Answer: Option C — sacrificial zinc anodes

Impressed current cathodic protection (ICCP) systems supply controlled direct current through hull-mounted anodes to counteract electrochemical corrosion, directly replacing sacrificial zinc anodes traditionally bolted to the submerged plating. This automated process provides uniform protection and significantly reduces long-term drydock maintenance requirements.