In order to minimize distortion while performing the electric arc welding process while joining two plates with a butt weld, besides using restraint procedures, what statement is true?

Correct Answer: Option C — The fewer the number of welding passes the less the distortion, and symmetrical welding on either side of a joint with a double-V will minimize distortion.

Distortion is primarily caused by the cumulative thermal expansion and contraction of weld metal. Fewer passes reduce total heat input, while symmetrical welding on a double-V joint balances the shrinkage forces on both sides of the plate, effectively neutralizing the bending moments that would otherwise cause the plates to warp.