The item labeled #16 in the illustration is a stack of spring washers. Their function is to __________. Illustration MO-0062

Correct Answer: Option B — maintain the same hold-down force on the injector regardless of varying engine operating temperatures

Stack of spring washers (Belleville washers) utilized on injector hold-down studs compensate for thermal expansion and contraction differentials between the cylinder head and injector body, maintaining constant clamping force across all engine operating temperatures.