Which condition is the most likely result of over speeding a centrifugal ballast pump?

Correct Answer: Option B — Cavitation

Over-speeding a centrifugal pump increases fluid velocity, causing local pressure to drop below the liquid's vapor pressure. This results in the formation and subsequent collapse of vapor bubbles, known as cavitation. This phenomenon causes severe mechanical erosion to the impeller and casing, significantly reducing pump efficiency and potentially causing catastrophic structural failure.