Bridge Equipment & Watchkeeping

How will you adjust various controls on PID auto pilot for optimum performance?

In case of Doppler log, why do we require Janus configuration? What is use of dual axis configuration?

What are various segments of GPS? Explain regarding working of DGPS.

Write notes on the following

(a) LRIT

(b) AIS

(a) Describe the procedure for taking over navigational watch at night.

(b) Describe the actions to be taken upon receiving storm warnings & distress alert.

(a) How will you prepare the vessel for picking up survivors while approaching towards a location of distress

(b) What are the various search patterns as per IAMSAR.

(a) Describe the duties of the officer on watch when the vessel is at anchor in a congested anchorage

(b) How will you effectively use the various resources such as Navigational equipment on the Bridge and available manpower for keeping a safe navigational watch at sea based on the principle of Bridge Resource Management

(a) How will you handover a navigational watch at night in restricted visibility

(b) What entries are to be made in deck log book when you handover a navigation watch

Briefly describe the following

(a) Smelling the ground

(b) Girding of Tug

(c) Transverse thrust

(d) Bank Suction

(e) Track reach

(a) With respect to Gyro Compass describe.

(i) Precession

(ii) Drift

(iii) Tilt

(b) How is Gyro Compass made North Seeking.

(a) With reference to GPS write short notes on: (15)

(i) C.A. Code

(ii) Navigation Message

(iii) PPS code

(b) List the errors associated with GPS obtained position. (10)

(a) Explain the errors associated with a marine echo sounder (15)

(b) Explain how a Doppler log determines the speed of the speed (10)

(a) Compare and contrast between Automatic Identification of Ship and Long range Identification and Tracking System. (15)

(b) Describe briefly the working of Bridge Navigational Watch Alarm System. (10)

List the duties, actions and precautions to be taken as OOW, while your vessel is navigating in restricted visibility. (25)

Describe actions you will initiate as an OOW in case of "Fire in the pump room while at anchor".

Explain the following SAR patterns. (25)

(a) Sector search

(b) Co-ordinated ship and Aircraft search pattern.

What are the advantages of Bridge Resource Management (BRM)? How will you use the principles of BRM while navigating in congested waters. (25)

Write short notes on the following:

(a) Describe the Pivot point of the vessel and how the Pivot point changes during manouvering of the ship (10)

(b) The factors on which the stopping distance of a vessel depends? How does a stopping distance of a vessel vary in shallow waters. (15)

List the occasions:

(i) When Full correction of the magnetic compass is necessary, and

(ii) When a tentative adjustment is necessary.

With the help of a simple block diagram explain the working of the Echo Sounder and explain its errors.

Write short notes on the following:

(i) Pseudo Range

(ii) P-Code and C/A code

(iii) Ground segment

(iv) Space segment

Explain the working of AIS and LRIT. Explain the difference between the two.

What action will you take when you observe the following:

(a) Own ship dragging anchor and drifting onto another vessel.

(b) Steering failure alarm gets activated.

(c) You see an AB falling overboard on the forecastle on the starboard side.

(a) Describe with sketches various search patterns used in SAR.

(b) What are the duties and responsibilities of OSC?

(a) What are the contents of a "Pilot Card" and why it is useful to have a Master-Pilot information exchange?

(b) What are your duties and responsibilities as OOW on bridge at the time when a pilot is on-board.

State your action as an OOW if there is fire in the pump room of an oil tanker while discharging is going on.

What do you mean by "Squat"? Explain the effects of shallow water on manoeuvering.

Explain what modifications are made to the free gyroscope and how it helps to eventually behave like north seeking gyro compass

Explain the working of Echo sounder with respect to phasing technique. What precaution must be exercised whilst using phasing technique?

With regards to GPS, why do we require 3 satellites for a 2-dimensional fix. What action will you take if you find the navigation chart in use is not based on WGS84?

Write notes on the following:

(a) Various modules of VDR.

(b) Difference between AIS & LRIT.

Describe in brief the contents of the "Bridge Procedures Guide"

(a) Describe the use of VTS in navigation.

(b) Describe the essential elements of Ship Reporting System and the types of reports to be made by the vessels.

(a) State the STCW guidelines for ensuring a safe and efficient bridge watch.

(b) List out the various publications and manuals you would require for safe navigation.

Discuss your actions in the following emergencies:

(a) Man-overboard in restricted visibility.

(b) Fire in pump-room of tanker in port.

Your vessel is transiting a river, describe various interactions your vessel will have with:

(a) Another passing vessel

(b) Sea bed

(c) River Bank

(a) How is the magnetic compass bowl maintained horizontal in seaway? When do you need to prepare a new compass deviation card?

(b) Briefly describe the working of proportional, integral and derivative controls for autopilot.

Explain the errors of

(a) Doppler Log and

(b) Echo Sounder.

Describe the working principle of GPS with a sketch showing the 3 segments. List the limitations of the satellite positioning system.

(a) Compare AIS and LRIT.

(b) Compare ENC and RNC.

Explain in detail the "Responsibilities" of an Officer in Charge of Navigation Watch with reference to COLREGs, STCW and Bridge Procedures Guide.

List the actions required of an officer of navigational watch in case of receipt of a distress alert.

List the duties of On-scene Coordinator.

(a) Explain "Restricted Visibility" and the precaution required for navigation in restricted visibility.

(b) Describe the duties of an officer of the navigational watch during pilotage.

(a) Discuss minimum UKC requirements for passage planning and it can be complied.

(b) What is scope of the anchor chain? Show with sketch how you can draw a swinging circle at anchor and how you will decide the anchor dragging alarm.

(a) Define the terms used in a Turning Circle Diagram with a neat sketch.

(b) Describe bank effect with neat sketches.

(a) Explain the working of an Auto Pilot and various setting of the auto Pilot for optimal performance. (15)

(b) What are the various methods ot monitor a radial turn? (10)

(a) Explain with the aid of block diagram the working of an Echo Sounder.

(b) Describe the errors associated with Echo Sounder.

Explain briefly with respect to AIS:

(a) Functioning

(b) Limitations

(c) Types of messages

(a) What are the various errors of sextant and how will you correct them?

(b) What are the information that si stored ni the VDR?

Describe the actions you as an OOW wil take when man falls overboard in open sea and in extreme cold conditions. (25)

(a) Describe the role of MRCC and RCC in a Marine rescue operation. (10)

(b) How does the VTS contributes to the safety of navigation? (15)

Explain your action as a watch keeping officer under folowing cases:

(a) Unmarked navigational mark sighted

(b) Encounter restricted visibility.

With the help of a suitable diagram explain the following terms:

(a) Transfer

(b) Head Reach

(c) Tactical diameter

(d) Advance

Briefly explain the folowing, with reference to the Principles of Bridge Resource Management:

(a) Allocation, Assignment and prioritization of resources

(b) Assertiveness and leadership.

(a) What is Magnetic variation, why it varies and where you will find its value?

(b) Write short notes on Drifting and Tilting of a free Gyroscope?

(a) Explain the principle and the errors of EM Log.

(b) Describe Janus Configuration.

With respect to GPS write short notes on:

(a) Space segment & Ground control segment

(b) What is a clock-bias error?

Differentiate between the following:

(a) ASI and LRIT

(b) VDR and S-VDR

Describe various duties, precautions and actions to be taken by the OOW when navigating with pilot on board.

(a) What is VTS and what are the benefits of implementing VTS?

(b) Describe with suitable sketch following search patterns as per IAMSAR.

(i) Expanding Square Search

(ii) Sector Search

With respect to bridge resource management principles explain the following:

(a) Effective communication

(b) Assertiveness & Leadership

(c) Situational Awareness

(a) How will you draw the swinging circle on anchoring? Describe the steps to be taken when you find the vessel's position is outside the swinging circle?

(b) Draw out a Checklist for Anchoring.

Write short notes on the following with regards to maneuvering:

(a) Pivot point

(b) Transverse thrust

(c) Drift angle

(d) Bridge Resource Management (BRM)

(a) State the principle of Doppler log and explain how the principle is used to determine the ships speed.

(b) Describe the purpose and performance requirement of BNWAS.

(a) Show with a neat sketch how will you execute a constant Radial turn

(b) Differentiate between AIS & LRIT

(a) With respect to GPS explain:

(i) GDOP

(ii) C/A code

(iii) Carrier frequency

(b) Explain how DGPS enhances the accuracy of a GPS receiver.

Explain the following:

(a) Purpose of LRIT

(b) Data transmitted by LRIT

(c) Authorised receivers / Users of LRIT

(d) Functions of LRIT National Data Centre.

Describe in brief the contents of "Bridge Procedures Guide".

(a) Describe the use of VTS in Navigation.

(b) Describe the essential elements of Ship Reporting System and the types of reports to be sent by vessel.

A new life raft which had been delivered on board on vessels sailing was to be secured in place. On trying to place the liferaft on the cradle the crew member reported the liferaft has accidently fallen off from your vessel due to vessel rolling. The painter was not yet connected. Explain your action in retrieving the liferaft from the water if the information is reported immediately after it has fallen in the water? What turn will you use and why?

(a) What is situational awareness & what are the problems.

(b) Explain Communication & state why communication is important when you are sailing with crew from different Nationalities.

Draw & label the turning circle diagram of a vessel with Right-Handed Propulsion system. Explain transfer, tactical diameter and drift angle.

Write short notes on:

(a) AIS

(b) LRIT

(c) VDR

(a) How is the positions determined by GPS? What are the errors possible in GPS?

(b) Explain the functioning of DGPS.

(a) Describe national & regional SAR system organization.

(b) State the duties of SAR mission co-ordinator.

(a) Explain the actions of OOW in case of dragging anchor?

(b) What maneuvers can be made to pick up a person fallen overboard?

(a) What are the rest periods required for watch keepers as per STCW 2010?

(b) When can the officer of the watch be the Sole Lookout on bridge?

Describe the maneuvering data displayed in the following:

(a) Wheelhouse Poster

(b) Pilot Card

Explain the following terminology and expression used in anchor work

(a) Anchor coming home

(b) Foul Hawse

(c) To grow

(d) Shortening-in-cable.

(e) To veer cable

With respect to a free gyroscope, with suitable figures, briefly explain the following terms:

(a) Gyroscope inertia

(b) Precession

(c) Drift and tilt

(a) Describe the main components of an Echo-sounder with the help of a simple block diagram and state the function of each component.

(b) Describe the working principle of a Doppler log.

(a) Briefly explain the advantage of an Autopilot and the controls provided for its optimum performance.

(b) Explain the use of rate of turn indicator.

(a) Explain the principle and working of Doppler log for obtaining the speed of a vessel.

(b) Briefly explain the various modules of a VDR.

Explain following with respect to GYRO.

(a) Drift & Tilt

(b) Settling error

(c) Steaming error

(d) Precession

(a) Explain the difference AIS and LRIT.

(b) Explain the purpose of VDR, list the data recorded on VDDR / S-VDR.

Your vessel, an oil tanker, suffers fire in the pump room while at anchor. Explain your actions in detail with the help of a suitable checklist.

Define 'Emergency'. How does SOLAS ensure that ship's crew can deal with various emergencies that may arise? Describe how this was achieved on your last ship?

Describe in detail the duties of a OOW when your vessel an Oil Tanker has run aground.

With simple diagrams, describe briefly:

(a) Maneuvering data displayed on the Bridge.

(b) Williamson turn.

Write short notes on following:

(a) Transverse Thrust

(b) Squat

(c) Bow cushion and Bulk suction

(d) Interaction between Vessels.

(a) Describe the principle and working of a Doppler Log. List the main error sources of Doppler log.

(b) Differentiate between ground reference speed and water reference speed.

(a) What is the principle of Automatic Identification System? What are the advantages of AIS?

(b) Write a short note on VDR.

What are the contents of the Bridge Procedures Guide. Briefly describe each section of the guide.

(a) How will you know your vessel is dragging anchor?

(b) Your vessel is at anchor, how will you take over your watch?

With simple diagram, describe briefly:

(a) With respect to stopping distance, explain head reach and track reach.

(b) Williamson Turn.

(a) Your vessel ran aground, enumerate the action to be taken.

(b) Describe the immediate actions to be taken in case of steering failure.

(a) With respect to GPS Explain the following:

(i) Space segment and Ground segment.

(ii) What factors affect the accuracy of a GPS positions.

(b) Explain the difference between Raster and Vector Charts.

(a) What is the purpose of IAMSAR? Explain the duties & responsibilities of the On-scene Co-Ordinator.

(b) State the objectives and limitations of the VTS system.

With regards to Gyro compass, briefly explain

(a) Precession of the axis

(b) Drift and Tilt

(c) Procedure to determine the compass error

(a) Describe Auto Pilot as an aid to navigation.

(b) Explain the purpose & function of following controls:

(i) Permanent Helm

(ii) Counter Rudder

(iii) Rudder

(iv) Rudder Limit

(v) Weather

Explain the working of an Electro-magnetic log with a suitable diagram and compare its advantages and disadvantages with Doppler Log.

(a) How will you initiate GPS on installation.

(b) What factors affect the accuracy of GPS position.

(c) What do you understand by "Pseudo range" & "True range".

Describe the working of an echo sounder with aid of a block diagram. Discuss the various errors associated with echo sounders.

Explain your action as Bridge Keeping Officer under following circumstances:

(a) Vessel at anchor and commences dragging.

(b) Vessel at sea starts encountering gale force winds.

With the help of sketch explain all the search patterns as per IAMSAR.

(a) Explain the factors to be taken into account when determining bridge manning levels.

(b) Explain the reporting procedures for VTS and SRS.

List out the Watch keepers responsibility under the following circumstances.

(a) Storm warning while vessel at Anchor.

(b) Fire on vessel at Berth

(a) Discuss shallow water effects.

(b) Draw the turning Circle Diagram of a Ship. Define the terms used in the turning Circle.

(a) What are the advantages of wet compass card over dry compass card? How will you remove an Air Bubble from the compass bowl?

(b) What is Dip? How compass card is kept horizontal in varying latitudes?

With the help of a suitable diagram, explain the working of an Echo sounder? What are the errors associated with this equipment?

How does the GPS find its position? How the DGPS calculate even more accurate position than the GPS?

Write short notes on following Equipment:

(i) LRIT

(ii) VDR

Describe the duties of OOW in restricted visibility when:

(a) At Anchor

(b) When taking over a navigation watch at sea

Explain the sector Pattern with the help of a suitable sketch. Under what circumstances it should be used?

(a) Describe the Navigational duties and responsibilities of the officer in charge of the navigational watch at sea.

(b) Under what circumstances will you call Master on bridge?

"Bridge resource management is essential in keeping a safe and efficient watch today". How would you interpret the above statement? Describe your role in the bridge team as an officer in charge of the navigation watch.

Write short note on the following:

(a) Transverse Thrust

(b) Wheel House Poster

(c) Squat

(d) Bow cushion & Bank suction

With respect to GPS briefly explain the following:

(a) Precise Positioning Service

(b) Standard Positioning Service

(c) Pseudo Range

(d) Geometric Dilution of Precession

(a) What is a free gyroscope? What are two properties of a gyroscope?

(b) Explain the following with regards to Adaptive autopilot

(i) Proportional Control

(ii) Derivative Control

(iii) Integral Control

Explain Rule 6 Safe Speed as per COLREGS.

Explain the importance of Bridge Resource Management on board & factors that affect the effective use of BRM. Illustrate with on board situation.

(a) What factors would you consider in deciding the anchor position and amount of cable to use.

(b) Write short notes on

(i) Pivot Point

(ii) Transverse Thrust

(iii) Drift angle.

(a) Describe the principle and working of a Doppler Log.

(b) With respect to Echo sounder, explain the effect of density, temperature and pressure on the depth indicated.

(a) Describe the procedure for testing of controls prior departure from port.

(b) State the circumstances under which you will call the master.

(a) Describe the use of VTS in navigation.

(b) Describe the essential elements of Ship Reporting System and the types of reports to be made by the vessel.

(a) Explain how the Automatic Identification systems work?

(b) List the data required to be recorded by a voyage data recorder.

(a) Briefly explain the advantage of an Autopilot and the controls provided for its optimum performance. (15)

(b) Explain w.r.t. Gyro Compass the terms 'steaming error' and 'tangent error'. (10)

(a) Describe the errors associated with an Echo sounder. (15)

(b) With a simple, clearly labeled sketch, describe how as EM Log displays speed and distance. (10)

(a) What are the errors which are likely to be experienced in GPS? (10)

(b) Explain why GPS position cannot be directly plotted on a chart. (10)

(c) What is navigation message? (5)

With respect to AIS explain:

(a) In brief the various modes of operation of an AIS (10)

(b) The various types of messages transmitted & its contents (10)

(c) The advantages over RADAR. (5)

Explain your action as Bridge Watch Keeping Officer under following circumstances:

(a) Vessel at anchor and commences dragging. (12)

(b) Vessel at sea starts encountering gale force winds. (13)

With the help of sketches, explain all the search patterns as per IAMSAR. (25)

(a) What is the Situational Awareness with respect to the Bridge Team? How will you recognize the loss of situational awareness? (15)

(b) Describe the closed loop and open look communications giving relevant examples. (10)

With simple diagrams describe briefly:

(a) Maneuvering data displayed on the Bridge. (15)

(b) Williamson turn. (10)

Write short notes on followings:

(a) Render cable and Surge cable (10)

(b) Pivot Point (5)

(c) Advance and Transfer while vessel turning (10)

Describe in detail the immediate and follow up actions of an OOW in case of a fire in engine room while at sea.

What are the various search Patterns recommended in the IAMSAR? Explain with sketches.

(a) How is the Gyro Compass System made North Seeking?

(b) Explain the term latitude course & speed error with respect to the Gyro Compass.

(a) With respect to GPS explain the following:

(i) System configuration and frequencies used.

(ii) Various DOP's used.

(iii) Content of navigation message

(b) Explain the difference between Raster and Vector charts

With the help of suitable sketch define the following:

(a) Transfer

(b) Advance

(c) Scope

(d) Transverse Thrust

(a) Explain use of 'Janus' configuration in Doppler log & its use during docking operations.

(b) With help of a block diagram explain how ship's speed is transmitted to remote displays.

(a) How data is transmitted by the Automatic Identification System?

(b) How does the LRIT system function? Compare the AIS & LRIT.

(a) Describe in detail purpose & importance of 'lookout' in keeping a safe bridge watch.

(b) What is the role of maintaining situational awareness in safe navigations watch?

Explain your understanding of the following terms:

(a) 'Safe speed' as per Rule 6 & Rule 19

(b) 'Navigate with extreme caution' as per Rule 19

(a) With respect to marine gyro, define and explain "Rigidity in space". (15)

(b) Differentiate between: (10)

(i) Tilt and Drift

(ii) Torque and Precision

(a) Describe the principle and functioning of the electrostrictive type of transducer in the echo sounder. (13)

(b) Describe the procedures for the calibration of Doppler log. (12)

(a) State the advantages and disadvantages of Raster and Vector charts. (13)

(b) Describe the contents of navigational message of the GPS. (12)

(a) With the help of sketches show and explain the following with respect to a marine sextant: (15)

(i) Dip

(ii) Refraction

(iii) True altitude and

(iv) Sensible horizon

(b) Differentiate between data transmitted by AIS and LRIT. (10)

(a) Briefly discuss the contents of the Bridge Procedure Guide. (15)

(b) What does the guide say regarding: (10)

(i) Bridge familiarization and

(ii) 'Standing Orders' by the Master.

(a) What is the purpose of IAMSAR? Explain the three levels of Co-ordination. (15)

(b) Describe the contents and procedure of the ship reporting system. (10)

(a) "Assertiveness is important for bridge team management". Justify the above statement. (13)

(b) Prepare a checklist for taking over a watch in restricted visibility. (12)

(a) State the preparation you will make prior to entry into an enclosed space. (10)

(b) List the immediate and subsequent actions that you will take in the event of a steering failure in a TSS. (15)

(a) Write short notes on "Tilt" and "Drift" of a gyro and discuss their rates? (8)

(b) Write short note on Magnetic Compass? (8)

(c) Explain importance of Taking & Recording Compass Error? (9)

(a) Explain the advantages of 'Janus' Configuration in Doppler log. (15)

(b) Enumerate steering gear tests & checks. (10)

(a) Explain the working of a GPS (15)

(b) How does DGPS enhance position fixing of GPS data. (10)

Write short notes with comparison on the following:

(a) LRIT vs AIS

(b) VDR (Voyage Data Recorder) vs S-VDR

(c) ECS (Electronic Chart System) vs Paper Charts

While keeping Bridge watch at sea, list actions you would take when following alarms are activated:

(a) Fire Alarm

(b) Gyro Failure

(c) VHF DSC Distress Alert

(a) List the contents of IAMSAR Volume III. (15)

(b) How does VTS enhance safety of navigation? (10)

(a) Explain Situational Awareness? (10)

(b) Explain terms SAFE SPEED, LOOKOUT, STAND-ON VESSEL. (15)

Prepare a checklist for taking over a navigational watch at sea

(a) In Restricted Visibility. (12)

(b) Approaching a Heavy Weather Area. (13)

(a) What are the dangers associated with and precautions to take while navigating in shallow waters? (10)

(b) Draw a Turning Circle and Define below mentioned associated Terms ADVANCE, TACTICAL DIAMETER, TRANSFER, DRIFT ANGLE. (15)

(a) Write short notes on "Tilt" and "Drift" of a gyro and discuss their rates? (8)

(b) Write short note on Magnetic Compass? (8)

(c) Explain importance of Taking & Recording Compass Error? (9)

(a) Explain the advantages of 'Janus' Configuration of Doppler log. (15)

(b) Enumerate steering gear tests & checks. (10)

(a) Explain the working of a GPS (15)

(b) How does DGPS enhance position fixing of GPS data. (10)

Write short notes with comparison on the following:

(i) LRIT vs AIS

(ii) VDR (Voyage Data Recorder) vs S-VDR

(iii) ECS (Electronic Chart System) vs Paper Charts

While keeping Bridge watch at sea, list actions you would take when following alarms are activated:

(a) Fire Alarm

(b) Gyro Failure

(c) VHF DSC Distress Alert

(a) List the contents of IAMSAR Volume III. (15)

(b) How does VTS enhance safety of navigation? (10)

(a) Explain Situational Awareness? (10)

(b) Explain terms SAFE SPEED, LOOKOUT, STAND-ON VESSEL. (15)

Prepare a checklist for taking over a navigational watch at sea

(a) In Restricted Visibility. (12)

(b) Approaching a Heavy Weather Area. (13)

(a) What are the dangers associated with and precautions to take while navigating in shallow waters? (10)

(b) Draw a Turning Circle and Define below mentioned associated Terms ADVANCE, TACTICAL DIAMETER, TRANSFER, DRIFT ANGLE. (15)

Explain following terms with respect to Operation of Gyro Compass:

(a) Gyroscopic Inertia

(b) Precession

(c) Tilt

(d) Drift

(e) Three degree of Freedom

(a) What corrections are to be made to Echo Sounder before comparison with Chart? (10)

(b) Explain the use of 'Janus' configuration in a Doppler log? (15)

(a) Write short notes on True North, Magnetic North, Variation, Deviation. (15)

(b) Explain Purpose and Working of a Course Recorder? (10)

Write short notes on any two of the following:

(a) LRIT

(b) VDR

(c) ECDIS

(d) BNWAS

(e) AIS

(a) Explain Term "Responsibility" as per Rule 2 of Rule of the Road (RoR). (10)

(b) Under what conditions and circumstances will you call a Master on the Bridge? (15)

(a) List content of IAMSAR Vol 3. (15)

(b) Explain when & how the sector search is executed. (10)

(a) What are the dangers associated while navigating in a Heavy Weather Area? (12)

(b) What do you understand by Effective Communication and Assertive Leadership? (13)

(a) List actions you will take while on watch and a MOB occurs? (15)

(b) Prepare a checklist for maintaining a Safe Anchor Watch? (10)

(a) Define and Explain Terms SQUAT, PIVOT POINT, FOUL HAWSE, BOW CUSHION. (16)

(b) List all the information that you will get from Pilot Card? (9)

(a) Describe the procedure for removing air bubble from Magnetic Compass. (10)

(b) With respect to Auto-pilot, write short notes on: (15)

(i) Proportional control

(ii) Off-course alarm

How Janus configuration of the Doppler Log minimizes various errors? (25)

(a) Explain how the frequencies used by GPS satellites can also be used to determine the speed of the vessel? (15)

(b) Explain the methods of updating Electronic Nautical Charts (ENCs). (10)

(a) List the authorized users of LRIT information and state the conditions under which LRIT information from ships can be released to the authorized users. (15)

(b) List the data recorded by VDR and SVDR. (10)

(a) List the exchange of information between the Master and Pilot when the pilot boards the vessel. (15)

(b) What information in contained in the Wheel House Poster. (10)

List the duties & responsibilities of the On-scene Co-coordinator in IAMSAR. (25)

As per STCW watch keeping principles, list the factors to be taken into account when deciding the composition of the watch on bridge. (25)

(a) What does the STCW say regarding performing a deck watch in general and particularly on ships carrying hazardous cargo? (10)

(b) State your actions on receiving a distress alert on VHF DSC channel 70. (15)

Draw a turning circle for a vessel. Mark and explain Advance, Transfer, Tactical Diameter and Drift Angle. (25)

(a) How does Proportional control work and how does the addition of Integral and Derivative control in an Auto-Pilot improve steering control. (15)

(b) Describe any two properties of a free gyroscope. (10)

(a) Describe the working of a piezo-electric transducer. What is the difference between a piezoelectric and electrostatic transducer? (15)

(b) Briefly describe the effect of Multiple Echoes and 2nd Trace Echoes in an Echo Sounde (10)

(a) What is Dilution of Precision? Briefly explain the various types DOP's of the GPS system. (10)

(b) What are the advantages and disadvantages of ECDIS over paper charts? (15)

(a) Who are the authorized receivers of LRIT messages and when they may request for the same? What is the function of the DDP? (10)

(b) Why should AIS not be used as the sole anti-collision aid? What is meant by Pseudo-AIS or Virtual-AIS and where could these be used? (15)

(a) What is the role of a Pilot on board ship? What is the responsibility of the Bridge Team when a Pilot is on board and what is meant by the term "Challenge the Pilot"? (15)

(b) What is the need for the "Master Pilot Exchange"? (10)

As per IAMSAR describe:

(a) The 3 levels of co-ordination indicating the duties and responsibilities at each level. (15)

(b) Contents of Situation Report as per IAMSAR. (10)

(a) What is Situational Awareness with respect to the Bridge Team? How will you recognize the loss of situational Awareness? (15)

(b) Describe closed loop and open loop communications giving relevant examples. (10)

What are the immediate and subsequent actions of an OOW in case of a fire that starts in the Engine Room while the vessel is out at sea. Assume you are on a general cargo vessel and the fire gets out of control. (25)

(a) Sketch and describe the execution of a Short Round Turn for a vessel with a high hand propeller when in restricted waters. (12)

(b) List the factors to be taken into account when allowing for Under Keel Clearance (UKC). (13)

(a) Describe with a simple sketch, the optical system of the Magnetic Compass binnacle. What is the main feature of this system with respect to the image seen by the helmsman (15)

(b) Define Magentic Variation and Deviation (10)