Heavy fuel oils when spilled are ___________ .
Direct Answer
Option B: less harmful to sea life than lighter oils
Heavy fuel oils are more persistent and tend to form thick mats or sink, causing physical smothering of marine organisms. However, compared to lighter refined products (like gasoline or diesel) which contain higher concentrations of toxic volatile aromatics, heavy fuel oils are generally considered less acutely toxic to sea life.
All Options
Detailed Explanation & Context
Heavy fuel oils are more persistent and tend to form thick mats or sink, causing physical smothering of marine organisms. However, compared to lighter refined products (like gasoline or diesel) which contain higher concentrations of toxic volatile aromatics, heavy fuel oils are generally considered less acutely toxic to sea life.
Relevant Framework: STCW 2010 Manila Amendments • DG Shipping E-Learning & Exit Exam Standards • Advanced Training for Oil Tanker Cargo Operations (TASCO).
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