Most minor spills of oil products are caused by
Direct Answer
Option C: human error
Statistically, the majority of oil spills during routine shipboard operations occur due to human error, such as improper valve alignment, failing to monitor levels, or poor communication during liquid transfers.
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Detailed Explanation & Context
Statistically, the majority of oil spills during routine shipboard operations occur due to human error, such as improper valve alignment, failing to monitor levels, or poor communication during liquid transfers.
Relevant Framework: STCW 2010 Manila Amendments • DG Shipping E-Learning & Exit Exam Standards • Advanced Training for Oil Tanker Cargo Operations (TASCO).
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